Question 1

Wayne and Margaret Dennis found that traditionally raised Hopi infants who had been strapped to cradle boards:

Accepted Answer

Research by Wayne and Margaret Dennis showed that Hopi infants who were strapped to cradle boards did not differ in the age of independent walking compared to infants who were not strapped to cradle boards.

Question 2

Which of the following behaviors is MOST likely to be associated with gross motor development?

Accepted Answer

Gross motor development involves the movement and coordination of large muscles, such as those used for walking or stepping over objects.

Question 3

What is the typical result when a baby's own assessment of risk conflicts with the caregivers' social signals?

Accepted Answer

Babies trust their own instinct.

Question 4

Which factor is NOT considered the key to walking?

Accepted Answer

Fine motor skills are not essential for walking, as they involve small muscle movements, typically in the hands and fingers, rather than the larger muscle groups used in walking.

Question 5

Examination of the ages at which children achieve motor milestones shows that:

Accepted Answer

There are wide variations in the ages at which infants achieve motor milestones like sitting, walking, and crawling, due to individual differences and environmental factors.

Question 6

Jim's son, Harry, is 10 months old. Jim is trying to teach Harry to feed himself and has become frustrated because Harry does not want to do anything other than bang the spoon on the table. What should Jim do?

Accepted Answer

At 10 months old, banging a spoon is a normal developmental behavior as Harry is still developing his motor skills. Jim should not be overly concerned as this is part of the learning process.

Question 7

The visual feedback that one gets from moving around is called:

Accepted Answer

Visual proprioception is the visual feedback that one gets from moving around. It helps us to maintain our balance and to coordinate our movements.

Question 8

Manual dexterity increases significantly:

Accepted Answer

Manual dexterity, such as the ability to grasp and manipulate objects, typically increases significantly after 12 months of age as children develop better motor skills and hand-eye coordination.

Question 9

Ache babies spend much of their first 3 years of life in close proximity to their mothers, often being held. Which of the following BEST describes how their gross motor development compares to that of U.S. infants?

Accepted Answer

Ache infants are slower to walk by nearly a full year than U.S. infants due to cultural practices that limit their opportunities for independent movement.

Question 10

Kipsigi babies in Kenya, who are given training by parents in sitting, standing, and walking:

Accepted Answer

Kipsigi babies develop sitting, standing, and walking skills earlier than American children due to specific training, but this advancement does not extend to other motor skills that have not been taught.

Question 11

Which of the following accurately describes what Zachary, a 14-month-old, will do on being confronted with a steep slope when he is still a novice (new) walker?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following accurately describes what...

Question 12

Which of the following results was obtained in studies investigating infants' behavior on the virtual cliff apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Infants' wariness of the virtual cliff is related to their crawling experience, as they develop depth perception and fear of heights through locomotor experience.

Question 13

Babies who have the opportunity to practice motor skills develop those skills:

Accepted Answer

Practicing motor skills allows babies to develop these skills sooner as it provides them with the necessary experience and muscle development needed for earlier mastery.

Question 14

Studies of motor development highlight the critical role of all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

Sensorimotor intelligence is not typically highlighted as a critical role in motor development; it refers more to cognitive development in infants as described by Piaget.

Question 15

Infants' tendency to look to their caregiver for an indication of how to feel and act in unfamiliar circumstances is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Social referencing is when infants look to their caregivers to gauge how to react in new or uncertain situations.

Question 16

Katti's big sister is anxious for her newborn sister to start crawling. How long will she likely have to wait before Katti achieves this skill?

Accepted Answer

Most babies start crawling between 6 to 10 months, so 9 months is a reasonable estimate.

Question 17

Which of the following is the first action involved in eating with a spoon that children master?

Accepted Answer

Children typically first learn to dip the spoon into a bowl before mastering the other actions involved in eating with a spoon.

Question 18

By 24 months of age, increased manual dexterity helps children to:

Accepted Answer

Increased manual dexterity helps children to throw a ball and use scissors by 24 months of age.

Question 19

Which of the following is a valid generalization about gross motor skill development?

Accepted Answer

There can be wide age variations in children's development of certain gross motor skills, as children develop at their own pace and may achieve milestones at different ages.

Question 20

Which of the following infants is using fine motor skills?

Accepted Answer

Fine motor skills involve the coordination of small muscles, such as those in the hands and fingers. Reaching for and grasping a toy requires the use of fine motor skills.

Quiz 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Infancy