All of the Following Are Assumptions of the Industrial Organization

All of the following are assumptions of the industrial organization (I/O) model EXCEPT:

A) organizational decision makers are assumed to be rational and committed to acting in the firm's best interests.
B) resources to implement strategies are firm-specific and attached to firms over the long-term.
C) the external environment is assumed to impose pressures and constraints that determine the strategies that would result in above-average returns.
D) most firms competing within an industry or within a segment of that industry are assumed to control similar strategically relevant resources and to pursue similar strategies in light of those resources.