Question 1

According to Kohlberg, at this level children begin to incorporate a broader, more abstract perspective into their moral reasoning and seek to maintain the social order:

Accepted Answer

At the conventional level, children begin to understand and incorporate societal rules and the importance of maintaining social order into their moral reasoning.

Question 2

In this process an insulating layer of fat covers nerve cells.

Accepted Answer

Myelination is the process of insulating nerve cells with a layer of fat.

Question 3

The growing awareness of an internal mental life is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

The "theory of mind" refers to the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others, recognizing that others have beliefs, desires, and intentions that are different from one's own.

Question 4

This is the term that describes those behaviors students engage in that provide them with an excuse for failing:

Accepted Answer

Self-handicapping is a strategy where individuals create obstacles and excuses to avoid self-blame in case of failure.

Question 5

According to Vygotsky, this describes the process of children comprehending new concepts by assimilating this information into existing cognitive schema:

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Vygotsky, this describes the process...

Question 6

Although there are a few clear areas where Vygotsky and Piaget differed in their conceptualization of cognitive development, one of the most important was in the area of the role of:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although there are a few clear areas...

Question 7

Who examined the social environment in a comprehensive manner and described the multiple spheres of influence which impact children?

Accepted Answer

Bronfenbrenner examined the social environment in a comprehensive manner and described the multiple spheres of influence which impact children.

Question 8

This system in the ecological model includes the larger institutions and culture that directly or indirectly impact the individual such as legislation, government programs, and the entire educational system.

Accepted Answer

The macrosystem encompasses the broader cultural and institutional influences that affect an individual, such as laws, cultural norms, and societal structures.

Question 9

Which French philosopher, put forth the romantic notion of the child as a noble savage who was naturally endowed with an innate sense of right and wrong that would be harmed by adult interference?

Accepted Answer

Jean-Jacques Rousseau is the philosopher who introduced the idea of the child as a "noble savage," suggesting that children are born with an innate sense of morality that can be corrupted by society.

Question 10

This system in the ecological model includes environments in which the child interacts on a daily basis, such as the home and classroom milieus:

Accepted Answer

The microsystem is the closest layer to the child and includes environments where the child has direct interactions, such as home and school.

Question 11

According to Piaget, this describes the process of children comprehending new concepts by assimilating this information into existing cognitive schema:

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Piaget, this describes the process...

Question 12

It is hypothesized that the overgrowth of synapses

Accepted Answer

The overgrowth of synapses in young children is believed to prepare them to adapt to their environments by providing a rich network for learning and development.

Question 13

Boys lag slightly behind girls and begin their developmental changes around the age of:

Accepted Answer

Boys typically begin their developmental changes, such as puberty, around the age of 13, which is slightly later than girls.

Question 14

By the time children reach the age of six, they will have a vocabulary of about

Accepted Answer

By the age of six, children typically have a vocabulary of about 10,000 words.

Question 15

During this stage of life, these individuals develop an incredible number of synapses, or branches that reach between neurons:

Accepted Answer

During infancy and early childhood, the brain undergoes rapid growth and development, including the formation of a vast number of synapses, which are crucial for learning and development.

Question 16

A child's ability to understand that individuals might engage in behavior according to their own false beliefs increases between the ages of

Accepted Answer

Between the ages of 4 and 6, children typically develop theory of mind, which includes understanding that others can have false beliefs that influence their behavior.

Question 17

According to Kohlberg, at this level children react to questions of right or wrong based on whether it is rewarded or punished by adults.

Accepted Answer

At the preconventional level, children's understanding of right and wrong is primarily based on the consequences of actions, such as rewards or punishments, rather than societal rules or personal principles.

Question 18

In these societies, an individual's sense of self is considered part of a strong social network that includes their families and communities:

Accepted Answer

Collectivistic societies emphasize the importance of the group over the individual, where an individual's identity is closely tied to their family and community.

Question 19

By this time of life, students are generally able to use flexible, abstract thinking, but may be inconsistent in their application of logical reasoning.

Accepted Answer

During adolescence, individuals develop the ability to think abstractly and use flexible thinking, but they may not consistently apply logical reasoning as they are still developing these cognitive skills.

Question 20

Adolescents often overestimate the amount of attention that other people pay to them, a concept known as

Accepted Answer

The concept of the "imaginary audience" refers to adolescents' belief that others are constantly watching and evaluating them, leading them to overestimate the amount of attention they receive.

Quiz 3: Understanding the Developmental Worldview of Children and Adolescents