Question 1

The observable appearance of a pea plant is called its
A) stereotype.
B) phenotype.
C) prototype.
D) genotype.

Accepted Answer

The observable appearance of a pea plant is called its phenotype.

Question 2

The third principle of natural selection is ____________.
A) biodiversity and heritability
B) natural selection
C) particular environment
D) differential reproductive success

Accepted Answer

Differential reproductive success is the third principle of natural selection, which states that individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits to the next generation.

Question 3

Messenger RNA is a type of ____________.
A) DNA
B) thymine
C) uracil
D) RNA

Accepted Answer

A

Question 4

______________ is the exchange of sections of chromosomes between one chromosome and another.
A) Segregation
B) Speciation
C) Mutation
D) Crossing-over

Accepted Answer

Crossing-over is the process where sections of chromosomes are exchanged between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, leading to genetic variation.

Question 5

Natural selection proceeds ___________________.
A) never
B) only when individuals within a population vary
C) when Darwin says it does
D) always very rapidly

Accepted Answer

Natural selection requires variation within a population for certain traits to be favored and passed on to future generations.

Question 6

If the two genes, or alleles, for a trait are the same, the organism is
A) homozygous.
B) heterozygous.
C) an allele.
D) a genotype.

Accepted Answer

When both alleles for a trait are the same, the organism is homozygous for that trait.

Question 7

The genes of higher organisms are located on ropelike bodies called ____________.
A) genes
B) chromosomes
C) RNA
D) DNA

Accepted Answer

Genes in higher organisms are located on structures called chromosomes, which are thread-like bodies within the cell nucleus.

Question 8

Mendel's units of heredity were what we now call ____________.
A) genes
B) meiosis
C) DNA
D) mitosis

Accepted Answer

Mendel's units of heredity are now known as genes, which are the basic units of heredity in living organisms.

Question 9

If we think of the history of the universe in terms of 12 months, the history of human-like primates would have taken up _____________.
A) only about one half hour
B) only about three and a half hours
C) only about two and a half hours
D) only about one and a half hours

Accepted Answer

The answer of If we think of the history of...

Question 10

Which is NOT a type of natural selection?
A) normalizing selection
B) directional selection
C) balancing selection
D) selective selection

Accepted Answer

Selective selection is not a recognized type of natural selection; the term is not used in evolutionary biology.

Question 11

The main process that increases the frequency of adaptive traits through time is called
A) catastrophism.
B) natural selection.
C) creationism.
D) mutual adjustment.

Accepted Answer

Natural selection is the main process that increases the frequency of adaptive traits through time. It is a process in which individuals with traits that are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their traits to their offspring. Over time, this can lead to the evolution of new species and the adaptation of existing species to new environments.

Question 12

Each member of a gene pair or group is called _____________.
A) a gene
B) homozygous
C) heterozygous
D) an allele

Accepted Answer

An allele is a variant form of a gene, and each member of a gene pair is called an allele.

Question 13

______________ is a population that consists of organisms able to interbreed and produce fertile and viable offspring.
A) Species
B) Gene
C) DNA
D) RNA

Accepted Answer

Species are groups of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Question 14

______________ is a change in the DNA sequence that can produce an altered gene.
A) RNA
B) Species
C) Segregation
D) Mutation

Accepted Answer

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can result in an altered gene.

Question 15

The genetic makeup of a pea plant is called its
A) genotype.
B) stereotype.
C) phenotype.
D) prototype.

Accepted Answer

The genetic makeup of a pea plant is called its genotype.

Question 16

______________ is the development of a new species.
A) Mutation
B) Segregation
C) Crossing-over
D) Speciation

Accepted Answer

Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species.

Question 17

In 1859, Charles Darwin published ____________.
A) The Origin of Species
B) The Descent of Man
C) The Voyage of the Beagle
D) Fauna of the Galapagos Island

Accepted Answer

Charles Darwin published "On the Origin of Species" in 1859, which introduced his theory of evolution by natural selection.

Question 18

_____________ involve the application of evolutionary principles to the behavior of animals.
A) Sociobiology and behavioral ecology
B) Biology and chemistry
C) Anatomy and physiology
D) Zoology and botany

Accepted Answer

Sociobiology and behavioral ecology are fields that apply evolutionary principles to understand the behavior of animals, focusing on how such behaviors may have evolved and their adaptive significance.

Question 19

Gregor Mendel was a pioneer in the field of ____________.
A) speciation
B) rocket science
C) chemistry
D) genetics

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel is known as the father of genetics for his work on the inheritance of traits in pea plants, which laid the foundation for the field of genetics.

Question 20

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution suggests that _____________.
A) different species develop one from another
B) inheritance plays no role in evolution
C) acquired characteristics are predominant in evolution
D) evolution is a myth

Accepted Answer

Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection posits that species evolve over time, with new species developing from existing ones through gradual changes.

Quiz 4: Genetics and Evolution

The observable appearance of a pea plant is called its

The third principle of natural selection is ____________.

Messenger RNA is a type of ____________.

______________ is the exchange of sections of chromosomes between one chromosome and another.

Natural selection proceeds ___________________.

If the two genes, or alleles, for a trait are the same, the organism is

The genes of higher organisms are located on ropelike bodies called ____________.

Mendel's units of heredity were what we now call ____________.

If we think of the history of the universe in terms of 12 months, the history of human-like primates would have taken up _____________.

Which is NOT a type of natural selection?

The main process that increases the frequency of adaptive traits through time is called

Each member of a gene pair or group is called _____________.

______________ is a population that consists of organisms able to interbreed and produce fertile and viable offspring.

______________ is a change in the DNA sequence that can produce an altered gene.

The genetic makeup of a pea plant is called its

______________ is the development of a new species.

In 1859, Charles Darwin published ____________.

_____________ involve the application of evolutionary principles to the behavior of animals.

Gregor Mendel was a pioneer in the field of ____________.

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution suggests that _____________.