Question 1

In Western countries,a psychological disorder known as occurs most frequently among young women in which a preoccupation with thinness produces a refusal to eat.This is an example of a culture-bound syndrome.

Accepted Answer

Anorexia nervosa is a culture-bound syndrome that is most prevalent in Western countries, particularly among young women. The disorder is characterized by a preoccupation with thinness and a refusal to eat, which can lead to severe weight loss and other physical and psychological problems. The cultural idealization of thinness and beauty in Western societies is believed to contribute to the development of the disorder. The other options listed are also examples of culture-bound syndromes, but they do not have a strong association with Western cultures or preoccupations with thinness.

Question 2

All of the following statements about biomedicine are correct except:

Accepted Answer

Biomedicine is not a completely Western approach to medicine, as there are several non-Western biomedical traditions and practices, such as traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurveda.

Question 3

In today's Native American societies,the preferred term to describe an individual who falls between the categories of "man" and "woman" is known as:

Accepted Answer

The term "two-spirit" is now the preferred term used in contemporary Native American societies to describe individuals who do not fit within the traditional gender binary of male and female. The term "berdache" has fallen out of favor as it is considered to be a colonial and derogatory term. "Gay" and "effeminate" are more commonly used to describe individuals who identify as homosexual or exhibit traditionally feminine characteristics, respectively. "Passive homosexual" is an outdated and stigmatizing term.

Question 4

What does R.K.Williamson mean by the difference between the "blessed gift" and "the curse"?

Accepted Answer

R.K. Williamson refers to "the blessed gift" and "the curse" as two contrasting cultural perspectives on intersexuality, highlighting how different societies interpret and value intersex individuals either positively or negatively.

Question 5

Ideal "cultural personality" traits among Yanomamo men would include being:

Accepted Answer

Yanomamo culture values traits such as fierceness and humor in men, as these traits are believed to promote success in hunting, warfare, and interpersonal relationships. Other traits, such as nurturing and affection, may be valued more in women. Therefore, choice D, "fierce and humorous," would be the best answer to this question.

Question 6

Sadhu is a:

Accepted Answer

A Sadhu is a Hindu ascetic monk who renounces worldly pleasures and possessions in pursuit of spiritual liberation. They practice intense meditation and austerity, and often dress in distinctive orange robes.

Question 7

An ethnic psychosis refers to a:

Accepted Answer

An ethnic psychosis is a mental disorder that is specific to a particular cultural group, characterized by symptoms that are unique to that group.

Question 8

The personality typical of a society,as indicated by the central tendency of a defined frequency distribution,is called a:

Accepted Answer

Modal personality refers to the personality type that is most frequently observed within a society, representing the central tendency of a defined frequency distribution.

Question 9

Another name for an ethnic psychosis is a:

Accepted Answer

A culture-bound syndrome refers to a pattern of symptoms or behaviors that is specific to a particular culture or ethnic group. An ethnic psychosis is an example of a culture-bound syndrome, as it is a specific type of psychosis that is seen primarily in certain ethnic groups.

Question 10

Biomedicine is the predominant medical system found in:

Accepted Answer

Biomedicine is mostly found in Europe and the United States, where it is the dominant medical system. While it may also exist in other cultures, it is not as prevalent as it is in these regions.

Question 11

dominance.The core value to which European Americans subscribe is:

Accepted Answer

Rugged individualism is a core value often associated with European Americans, emphasizing self-reliance and personal independence.

Question 12

Which of the following refers to the idea that character traits that occur with the most frequency in a cultural society are representative of the values that culture embraces?

Accepted Answer

Modal personality refers to the character traits that occur with the most frequency in a cultural society, and they are seen as representative of the values of that culture. The other answer choices are not directly related to this concept.

Question 13

All of the following are associated with eunuchs except:

Accepted Answer

Castration was not always carried out as a public ritual in societies where it had meaning. In some cases, it was done in a private setting, and in others, it was carried out without any ritualistic significance.

Question 14

Same-sex sexual acts are punished by the death penalty in all of the following countries except:

Accepted Answer

Same-sex sexual acts are punishable by death in Mauritania, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, and Iran. Guatemala, however, has not outlawed homosexuality and does not punish same-sex sexual acts with the death penalty.

Question 15

Several years ago,the Italian tourism minister commented on the "typical characteristics" of Germans,causing a huge controversy as to whether or not a people could be labeled.This labeling and grouping is called:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Several years ago,the Italian tourism minister commented...

Question 16

An alternative to the concept of national character is:

Accepted Answer

Core values are a more useful and accurate concept than national character as they focus on shared beliefs and principles rather than generalizations about a whole population. It recognizes that individuals within a nation have diverse personalities and traits. Core values preserve the fundamental characteristics of the nation and provide a framework for further growth and development.

Question 17

People who are born with reproductive organs,genitalia,and/or sex chromosomes that are not exclusively male or female are called:

Accepted Answer

People who are born with reproductive organs, genitalia, and/or sex chromosomes that are not exclusively male or female are referred to as intersexuals. This term is used to describe individuals whose physical sex characteristics do not fit into typical male or female categories. Intersexuality is a complex biological phenomenon that may be caused by a variety of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.

Question 18

People who cross over or occupy an intermediate position in the binary male-female gender construction are called:

Accepted Answer

The answer of People who cross over or occupy an...

Question 19

You are studying the modal personality of a particular group of people by giving them Rorschach tests.In American society,a response to the white background (the PG on which the inkblots are placed)has been associated with the psychological trait of negativism.You are puzzled because you are getting a lot of white responses,but the people don't appear to be negative in other respects.Then you find out that their favorite color is white,and that they are treating the color of the PG not as a background but as a part of the design of the inkblot.This is an example of one of the problems faced by people trying to measure modal personality,which is that:

Accepted Answer

This scenario highlights how cultural differences and individual preferences can impact the interpretation of test results. The association of white with negativism is specific to American culture and may not hold true in other cultural contexts. Additionally, the individuals in this group are interpreting the white background differently than intended, further emphasizing the need for cross-cultural validation of personality assessment tools.

Question 20

What is the fear reaction of being bewitched found among Algonquian hunters?

Accepted Answer

Windigo is a creature in Algonquian mythology that is believed to possess humans and turn them into cannibalistic monsters. The fear of being bewitched by a Windigo was common among Algonquian hunters.

Quiz 6: Social Identity, personality, and Gender