Question 1

Which laboratory tests will be performed to determine whether a specific bacterium is resistant to a specific drug?

Accepted Answer

A culture and sensitivity test is used to grow bacteria from a sample and then test which antibiotics can effectively inhibit or kill the bacteria, determining resistance.

Question 2

A client comes to the emergency department with a fever of 104°F. The nurse anticipates which actions to help identify the correct antibiotic?

Accepted Answer

Obtaining blood for culture and sensitivity is crucial to identify the specific pathogen causing the infection and determine the most effective antibiotic for treatment.

Question 3

What is the action of bactericidal drugs?

Accepted Answer

Bactericidal drugs are designed to kill bacteria, as opposed to bacteriostatic drugs, which only inhibit bacterial growth.

Question 4

The drug that would most likely be used in the treatment of tuberculosis is

Accepted Answer

Isoniazid (INH) is a first-line antitubercular medication specifically used to treat and prevent tuberculosis.

Question 5

The physician orders penicillin for a female client who has a sinus infection. What is a priority question to ask the client prior to administering the medication?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin can reduce the effectiveness of birth control pills, so it is important to ask if the client is taking them to discuss alternative contraceptive methods.

Question 6

The nurse is caring for a client receiving gentamicin IV. The nurse would observe for adverse effects of

Accepted Answer

Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that can cause ototoxicity, which affects hearing and balance.

Question 7

A client comes to the emergency department complaining of a sore throat. He has white patches on his tonsils, and he has swollen cervical lymph nodes. What will the best plan by the nurse include?

Accepted Answer

A throat culture is necessary to determine the cause of the sore throat, such as streptococcal infection, before deciding on the appropriate antibiotic treatment.

Question 8

The client receives multiple drugs for treatment of tuberculosis. The nurse teaches the client the rationale for multiple drug treatment and evaluates learning as effective when the client makes which statement?

Accepted Answer

Multiple drugs are used in tuberculosis treatment to prevent the bacteria from developing resistance to a single drug, ensuring more effective treatment.

Question 9

The client receives multiple antibiotics to treat a serious infection. What will the priority assessment of the client by the nurse include?

Accepted Answer

The priority assessment is to monitor for signs of a superinfection, which can occur when multiple antibiotics disrupt normal flora, leading to symptoms like changes in stool, white patches in the mouth, and urogenital itching or rash.

Question 10

The client has MRSA and receives vancomycin (Vancocin) intravenously (IV). The nurse assesses an upper body rash and decreased urine output. What is the nurse's priority action?

Accepted Answer

The rash and decreased urine output may indicate a reaction to vancomycin, such as "Red Man Syndrome" or nephrotoxicity. Holding the medication and notifying the physician is crucial to prevent further complications.

Question 11

The client tells the nurse that the doctor told him his antibiotic did not kill his infection but just slowed its growth. The client is anxious. What is the best response by the nurse to decrease the client's anxiety?

Accepted Answer

The nurse should reassure the client by explaining that the body's immune system also plays a crucial role in fighting infections, which can help alleviate the client's anxiety.

Question 12

The student nurse asks the nursing instructor for help with her microbiology class. The student is studying bacteria. What does the best instruction by the nursing instructor include?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The student nurse asks the nursing instructor...

Question 13

Discharge planning for the client prescribed tetracycline will include which instruction?

Accepted Answer

Tetracycline should not be taken with milk or dairy products as they can interfere with the absorption of the medication.

Question 14

The nurse plans to teach the client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) about bacterial infections. Which information should the nurse include in this teaching?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse plans to teach the client...

Question 15

Pathogenicity is different than virulence in that pathogenicity can

Accepted Answer

Pathogenicity refers to the ability of an organism to cause disease, which involves the potential to cause infection.

Question 16

The physician orders cefepime (Maxipime) for a client. What is a priority question for the nurse to ask the client prior to administration of this drug?

Accepted Answer

Cefepime is a cephalosporin antibiotic, and there is a known cross-sensitivity between penicillins and cephalosporins. It is important to check for a penicillin allergy before administering cefepime.

Question 17

The client is to receive an injection of penicillin G benzathine (Bicillin LA) in the outpatient clinic. What are the priority nursing actions prior to administering this injection?

Accepted Answer

Before administering penicillin, it is crucial to check for any history of allergies to prevent an allergic reaction. After administration, the client should wait for 30 minutes to monitor for any immediate allergic reactions.

Question 18

The nurse works in infection control and teaches a class to staff nurses about the ways that resistance to antibiotics can occur. The nurse evaluates that learning has occurred when the nurses make which statement?

Accepted Answer

Resistance to antibiotics can occur due to the common use of antibiotics for nosocomial infections, as these settings often involve the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and can lead to the development of resistant strains.

Question 19

The client is prescribed amoxicillin (Amoxil) for 10 days to treat strep throat. After 5 days, the client tells the nurse he plans to stop the medication because he feels better. What is the best response by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The client is prescribed amoxicillin (Amoxil) for...

Question 20

The client receives gentamicin (Garamycin) intravenously (IV) in the clinical setting. What is a priority nursing action?

Accepted Answer

Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that can cause ototoxicity, leading to hearing loss. Monitoring for hearing loss is a priority nursing action to prevent permanent damage.

Quiz 35: Drugs for Bacterial Infections