Question 1

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, p and q are _____.
A)genotypes
B)mutation rates
C)phenotypes
D)allele frequencies

Accepted Answer

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, p and q represent the frequencies of two alleles in a population.

Question 2

In the graph above, how can the change in infant mortality be explained as birth weight increases from 2 to 7 pounds?
A)A larger baby will have more developed organs and thus have greater fitness.
B)A baby closer to 7 pounds will have more developed organs and thus have lower mortality.
C)A baby closer to 2 pounds will not be able to be delivered safely and thus have lower mortality.
D)A baby closer to 7 pounds will have more developed organs and thus have higher motality.

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

The frequency of a particular allele within a population can be changed, over time, by
A)genetic outflow.
B)large population size.
C)selection.
D)inheritance of acquired characteristics.

Accepted Answer

Selection can change allele frequencies over time by favoring certain alleles that confer a survival or reproductive advantage.

Question 4

The observation that most pureblood Native Americans have type O blood is best explained by _____
A)gene flow.
B)assortative mating.
C)genetic drift.
D)a founder effect.

Accepted Answer

The high frequency of type O blood among Native Americans is best explained by the founder effect, where a small group of individuals with type O blood colonized the Americas, leading to a high prevalence of this blood type in their descendants.

Question 5

You spray your kitchen with an insecticide to kill the cockroaches.A few survive and reproduce, producing a large healthy population in a few generations that all have similar genetic backgrounds.This is an example of _____
A)assortative mating.
B)bottleneck effect.
C)mutation.
D)migration.

Accepted Answer

The bottleneck effect occurs when a population's size is significantly reduced for at least one generation, leading to a loss of genetic variation. In this case, the insecticide killed most cockroaches, but a few survived and reproduced, resulting in a population with similar genetic backgrounds.

Question 6

"The inheritance of acquired characteristics" proposal was put forward by
A)Hardy-Weinberg.
B)Darwin.
C)Founder.
D)Lamarck.

Accepted Answer

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics, suggesting that traits developed during an organism's lifetime could be passed on to its offspring.

Question 7

Genotypes are said to be in ___________ equilibrium if there is random mating and no other forces tend to alter the proportions of alleles from one generation to the next.
A)Mendelian
B)Hardy-Weinberg
C)steady state
D)homeostatic

Accepted Answer

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a population genetics model that describes the frequencies of alleles in a population that is not evolving. It assumes that there is random mating and no other forces tend to alter the proportions of alleles from one generation to the next.

Question 8

Hardy-Weinberg pointed out that the original proportions of the genotypes in a population would remain constant from generation to generation if certain assumptions are met.Which one of the following is not a Hardy-Weinberg condition?
A)No gene flow occurs.
B)Random mating occurs.
C)No polymorphic loci exist in the population.
D)No selection occurs.

Accepted Answer

The Hardy-Weinberg principle assumes that allele frequencies in a population remain constant if no evolutionary influences occur, including no gene flow, random mating, no selection, and no genetic drift. The existence of polymorphic loci is not a condition that violates Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Question 9

For a gene with two alternative alleles, A (with a frequency of p) and B (with a frequency of q), the term in the algebraic form of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the heterozygote genotype frequency is A)p². B)q². C)2pq. D)(p+q)².

Accepted Answer

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that the frequency of the heterozygote genotype (AB) is given by 2pq, where p is the frequency of allele A and q is the frequency of allele B.

Question 10

Natural selection for a certain phenotype will affect the _____ .
A)genotype of an individual
B)genotype of a population
C)allele frequency of an individual
D)allele frequency of a population

Accepted Answer

Natural selection acts on phenotypes, which can lead to changes in allele frequencies in a population over time, as certain alleles become more or less common depending on their associated phenotypes' success in the environment.

Question 11

Female cardinals select male mates in part based on their bright red color.What effect would this have on a cardinal population that was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
A)The red allele frequencies would decrease because of equilibrium.
B)The frequency of red alleles would be less than those predicted by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
C)The frequency of red alleles would be greater than those predicted by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
D)The frequency of red alleles would be equal to those predicted by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Accepted Answer

Sexual selection for bright red males would increase the frequency of red alleles, making it greater than predicted by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which assumes no selection.

Question 12

Reproductive success of an individual is known as:
A)variation.
B)adaptive makeup.
C)fitness.
D)microevolution.

Accepted Answer

Fitness refers to the reproductive success of an individual, often measured by the number of offspring that survive to reproduce.

Question 13

In a small population of cockroaches living in your kitchen, only a few roaches mate in one year.This can lead to random changes in allele frequency in the population through ______
A)nonrandom mating.
B)selection.
C)genetic drift.
D)mutation.

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift refers to random changes in allele frequencies in a population, especially in small populations, due to chance events. In this case, the small number of mating cockroaches can lead to such random changes.

Question 14

The presence of the disease sickle cell anemia illustrates that natural selection does not always eliminate _________ alleles.
A)polymorphic
B)dominant
C)neutral
D)recessive

Accepted Answer

Sickle cell anemia is caused by a recessive allele. Natural selection does not eliminate it because carriers (heterozygotes) have a survival advantage against malaria, demonstrating a balanced polymorphism.

Question 15

Moths that can evade a bat's echolocation have _____ that increase their likelihood of survival and reproduction.
A)fitness
B)selection
C)mutations
D)adaptations

Accepted Answer

Adaptations are traits that have evolved through natural selection, allowing organisms to better survive and reproduce in their environment. Moths that can evade a bat's echolocation have developed adaptations that increase their fitness.

Question 16

There are more than 30 blood group genes in humans, in addition to the ABO locus.This increases ____ in human populations.
A)genetic variability
B)homozygosity
C)selective mating
D)gene flow

Accepted Answer

The presence of multiple blood group genes increases genetic variability, as it contributes to the diversity of genetic traits within human populations.

Question 17

In the graph above, which baby characteristics would explain the percent infant mortality curve and any subsequent effects on fitness?
A)The smaller the baby the better the chance of survival.
B)The baby needs to be small enough to survive after birth, but large enough for a safe delivery.
C)The baby needs to be large enough to survive after birth, but small enough for a safe delivery.
D)There is no correlation between birth weight and survival.

Accepted Answer

The answer of  In the graph above, which baby...

Question 18

Two parents who do not have sickle cell anemia have a child that has the disease.The parents are both:
A)homozygous for the sickle cell allele.
B)heterozygous for the sickle cell allele.
C)homozygous for the normal allele.
D)epistatic for the sickle cell allele.

Accepted Answer

Both parents must be heterozygous carriers of the sickle cell allele (AS) to have a child with sickle cell anemia (SS), as the disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.

Question 19

When fisheries managers move fish from one lake to another, this causes gene ______.
A)mutation
B)blending
C)flow
D)dominance

Accepted Answer

Gene flow occurs when individuals from one population migrate to another, introducing new genetic material to the population.

Question 20

The key point in Darwin's proposal is that the ___________ imposes the conditions that determine the direction of selection.
A)gene
B)environment
C)parent
D)individual

Accepted Answer

The environment imposes the conditions that determine the direction of selection.

Quiz 20: Genes Within Populations

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, p and q are _____.

In the graph above, how can the change in infant mortality be explained as birth weight increases from 2 to 7 pounds?

The frequency of a particular allele within a population can be changed, over time, by

The observation that most pureblood Native Americans have type O blood is best explained by _____

You spray your kitchen with an insecticide to kill the cockroaches.A few survive and reproduce, producing a large healthy population in a few generations that all have similar genetic backgrounds.This is an example of _____

"The inheritance of acquired characteristics" proposal was put forward by

Genotypes are said to be in ___________ equilibrium if there is random mating and no other forces tend to alter the proportions of alleles from one generation to the next.

Hardy-Weinberg pointed out that the original proportions of the genotypes in a population would remain constant from generation to generation if certain assumptions are met.Which one of the following is not a Hardy-Weinberg condition?

For a gene with two alternative alleles, A (with a frequency of p) and B (with a frequency of q) , the term in the algebraic form of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the heterozygote genotype frequency is

Natural selection for a certain phenotype will affect the _____ .

Female cardinals select male mates in part based on their bright red color.What effect would this have on a cardinal population that was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Reproductive success of an individual is known as:

In a small population of cockroaches living in your kitchen, only a few roaches mate in one year.This can lead to random changes in allele frequency in the population through ______

The presence of the disease sickle cell anemia illustrates that natural selection does not always eliminate _________ alleles.

Moths that can evade a bat's echolocation have _____ that increase their likelihood of survival and reproduction.

There are more than 30 blood group genes in humans, in addition to the ABO locus.This increases ____ in human populations.

In the graph above, which baby characteristics would explain the percent infant mortality curve and any subsequent effects on fitness?

Two parents who do not have sickle cell anemia have a child that has the disease.The parents are both:

When fisheries managers move fish from one lake to another, this causes gene ______.

The key point in Darwin's proposal is that the ___________ imposes the conditions that determine the direction of selection.