Question 1

Adjudication is the process of judicially deciding a legal case.

Accepted Answer

Adjudication refers to the process of resolving a legal case through a decision made by a judge or court.

Question 2

A basic element of domestic violence court is __________.

Accepted Answer

Strict monitoring of convicted offenders is a basic element of domestic violence court, as it ensures that offenders are held accountable for their actions and are not able to harm their victims again. Education, counseling, and community service may be components of domestic violence court, but they are not as fundamental as strict monitoring.

Question 3

In 1899,the Juvenile Court Act created the first __________.

Accepted Answer

The Juvenile Court Act of 1899 was created to establish a separate court system for juveniles who commit delinquent acts. This system was intended to focus on rehabilitation and treatment rather than punishment, and it marked the beginning of the juvenile justice system in the United States. Therefore, the correct choice is (C) juvenile court.

Question 4

Police officers must become familiar with each step of the criminal justice process so they can intelligently bring about desired results.

Accepted Answer

Police officers are key players in the criminal justice process and must understand each step in order to effectively carry out their duties and achieve desired outcomes such as arrests, prosecutions, and convictions.

Question 5

Sentencing guidelines are only used in the federal court system.

Accepted Answer

Sentencing guidelines are used in both federal and state court systems. Each state has its own set of guidelines or statutory requirements for judges to follow while imposing sentences.

Question 6

All are aims of the community courts except__________.

Accepted Answer

All of the other choices (A, B, and C) are aims of community courts.

Question 7

Our criminal justice system is based on __________.

Accepted Answer

Our criminal justice system is based on an adversary system, in which the prosecution and defense present opposing arguments and evidence to a neutral judge or jury who ultimately determines guilt or innocence. This system prioritizes the protection of an individual's rights and ensures a fair and just trial. The other options (presumption of guilt, little plea negotiations, and ability to pay for justice) are not supported by the principles of our criminal justice system.

Question 8

The goals of __________ are to reduce recidivism,reduce substance abuse and rehabilitate offenders.

Accepted Answer

Drug courts are specialized court programs that aim to address substance abuse issues among offenders. The primary goals of drug courts are to reduce recidivism and rehabilitate offenders by providing access to treatment and support services.

Question 9

Appellate jurisdiction has the ability to try cases.

Accepted Answer

Appellate jurisdiction does not try cases, but rather reviews decisions made by lower courts.

Question 10

Community courts apply the principles of involvement,balanced and restorative justice,offender accountability,and links to treatment and other services.

Accepted Answer

Community courts do indeed apply the principles of involvement, balanced and restorative justice, offender accountability, and links to treatment and other services.

Question 11

The Supreme Court establishes the court structure for each state.

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court is the highest court in the federal judiciary, but each state has its own court structure that is established by its own constitution and laws.

Question 12

The federal court system has four tiers: district courts,appellate courts,juvenile courts and the U.S.Supreme Court.

Accepted Answer

The federal court system has three tiers: district courts, appellate courts, and the U.S. Supreme Court. Juvenile courts are part of the state court system.

Question 13

The main focus of the reentry court is to__________.

Accepted Answer

The reentry court's main focus is to prevent recidivism, aid in reintegration, and assist in life skills. Therefore, option D is the correct choice.

Question 14

Mental health courts are in operation in every state.

Accepted Answer

Mental health courts are not in operation in every state. While many states have implemented such courts, there are still some that have not.

Question 15

Plea bargaining accounts for more than 95 percent of all criminal convictions in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Plea bargaining is a common practice in the US criminal justice system and accounts for a majority of criminal convictions. According to the National Institute of Justice, over 90 percent of state and federal cases result in plea bargains.

Question 16

An acquittal is a formal certification by the court stating that the accused is found "guilty" of the crimes he or she has been charged with.

Accepted Answer

An acquittal is a formal certification by the court stating that the accused is found "not guilty" of the crimes he or she has been charged with.

Question 17

Leadership in the criminal justice system is usually provided by the __________.

Accepted Answer

The prosecutor is the leader in the criminal justice system as they are responsible for bringing charges against individuals accused of committing crimes and representing the state or government in court. They have significant decision-making power in the criminal justice system, including determining whether to file charges, offer plea deals, and negotiate sentencing.

Question 18

In the__________,the determination whether probable cause exists for believing that an offense has been committed and the accused committed it.

Accepted Answer

The preliminary hearing is the legal procedure where a judge determines whether there is enough evidence to proceed with a trial. The prosecutor presents evidence and witnesses to establish probable cause, and the defendant has the opportunity to challenge it. The purpose of the preliminary hearing is to protect the accused's due process rights and prevent unnecessary trials from clogging up the court system.

Question 19

DWI courts are being established to __________.

Accepted Answer

DWI courts are designed to address all three purposes: protecting public safety by rehabilitating offenders and reducing the chances of impaired driving in the future, reducing recidivism by providing treatment and support programs, and targeting the root of impaired driving by addressing underlying issues such as substance abuse and mental health problems.

Question 20

The authority to hear an appeal to set aside a conviction is __________.

Accepted Answer

The authority to hear an appeal to set aside a conviction is related to appellate jurisdiction, which allows an appeals court to review a lower court's decision. Therefore, the best choice is E, appellate jurisdiction.

Quiz 13: U.S.courts