Question 1

Choose the best answer to complete the statement: "In a statistical context, the term variable is used. . ."
A)because, like algebra, a statistical variable stands in for some unknown numerical value.
B)because it describes a characteristic of the population which is never known.
C)because it is too difficult to get certain information from each member of a population.
D)because there is variability in the information gathered from the members of a sample or population.

Accepted Answer

In statistics, a variable is called so because it represents data that can vary among individuals in a sample or population, reflecting the inherent variability in the data collected.

Question 2

The two- way table below shows the survey results when sixty adults were asked whether they had made a clothing purchase in the last thirty days.
 
-What percentage of the sample had not made a clothing purchase in the past thirty days?
A)35%
B)50%
C)65%
D)33%

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is 35%, as it is the percentage of the sample that had not made a clothing purchase in the past thirty days.

Question 3

What is the approximate percentage of study participants who are women in this study who said that they prefer to drive a SUV to driving a compact car?
A)16.7%
B)61.9%
C)26.9%

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the approximate percentage of study...

Question 4

Consider the following statement "My child was bullied on the school bus and so was my neighbors child, so obviously, bullying is a big problem on school buses and something needs to be done about it!" What is wrong with this statement?
A)The person making the statement confused correlation with causation.
B)The statement exhibits bias.
C)The statement is anecdotal.
D)None of these-- the statement is valid.

Accepted Answer

The statement is anecdotal because it relies on personal experiences rather than statistical evidence to make a general claim about bullying on school buses.

Question 5

The deacons at a local church surveyed the congregation to find out if members would be willing to fund a new construction project. In this example, what is the population of interest?
A)The deacons
B)The survey respondents
C)The congregation
D)None of these

Accepted Answer

The population of interest is the entire congregation, as the survey aims to understand the willingness of all members to fund the project.

Question 6

Consider the following statement, "Babies who breastfeed are less likely to grow into children with behavioral problems by the time they reach age 5 than those who receive formula milk." Which of the following is a plausible confounding variable in this study?
A)Mothers social- economic status
B)The age at which breastfeeding ends
C)The quality of the formula milk
D)All of these
E)None of these

Accepted Answer

All of the listed variables could potentially confound the relationship between breastfeeding and behavioral problems in children.

Question 7

The ethnicity of the individual respondents in a political poll of a randomly selected group of adults is an example of what type of variable?
A)Categorical variable
B)Numerical variable
C)Neither

Accepted Answer

Ethnicity is a categorical variable because it represents distinct categories or groups without any inherent numerical value or order.

Question 8

What is the approximate percentage of men in this study who prefer to rent a movie on DVD?
A)5%
B)36%
C)13.8%

Accepted Answer

The percentage of men who prefer to rent a movie on DVD is approximately 13.8%.

Question 9

In a survey, married couples were asked, "Do you have children?" The response was electronically recorded as a "1" for yes and a "0" for no. This is an example of . 
A)Unstacked numerical data
B)Random sample
C)Coded categorical data
D)None of these

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a survey, married couples were asked,...

Question 10

The two- way table below shows teenage driver gender and whether or not the respondent had texted at least once while driving during the last thirty days.
 
-What percentage of the sample were female drivers?
A)78%
B)50%
C)28.3%
D)62.5%

Accepted Answer

The answer of The two- way table below shows teenage...

Question 11

Which of the following is not an example of data?
A)A list of the number of cars that are stopped at stop sign at a busy intersection. The number of cars waiting is recorded every 15 minutes for 8 hours.
B)A chart showing the number of goals scored per game for a NHL hockey team during one whole season.
C)A list of receipt totals from one day at a national department store.
D)All of these are examples of data.

Accepted Answer

All the options provided are examples of data as they involve the collection and recording of quantitative information.

Question 12

Suppose you are presented with a dataset containing the ages of 50 randomly selected adults and the amount of money they spent at a certain grocery store on a certain day. Which of following questions do not need to be asked about the dataset?
A)Who collected the data?
B)Were the names of respondents recorded so that they could be contacted later if necessary?
C)How was the data collected?
D)Why was the data collected?

Accepted Answer

The names of respondents are not necessary for analyzing the dataset, as the focus is on the relationship between age and spending, not on identifying individuals.

Question 13

The two- way table below shows the survey results when sixty adults were asked whether they had made a clothing purchase in the last thirty days.
 
-Of the adult males surveyed, what percentage had made a clothing purchase in the last thirty days?
A)35%
B)50%
C)65%
D)33%

Accepted Answer

The answer of The two- way table below shows the...

Question 14

A group of college students was given a new energy drink then asked to record their level of alertness at midday. In this example, is the treatment variable and  is the outcome variable.

A)The energy drink; alertness level
B)Alertness level; the energy drink
C)The energy drink; midday
D)The group of college students; alertness level

Accepted Answer

The answer of A group of college students was given...

Question 15

What is the approximate percentage of study participants who are women?
A)61.9%
B)16.7%
C)Not enough information available
D)26.9%

Accepted Answer

The question asks for the percentage of study participants who are women. The table shows that there are 100 participants in total, and 62 of them are women. So, the percentage of women is 62/100 * 100 = 61.9%.

Question 16

What is the approximate percentage of women who participated in this study?
A)7.8%
B)41%
C)63.9%
D)Not enough information available

Accepted Answer

The question asks for the approximate percentage of women who participated in this study. The answer is C) 63.9%, which is the percentage of women in the study.

Question 17

The two- way table below shows teenage driver gender and whether or not the respondent had texted at least once while driving during the last thirty days.
 
-What percentage of the sample had texted at least once while driving in the past thirty days?
A)37.5%
B)43.75%
C)62.5%
D)50%

Accepted Answer

37.5% of the sample had texted at least once while driving in the past thirty days.

Question 18

The smoking rates of teens in urban areas are compared to those living in rural areas to see whether teens living in rural settings have higher rates of smoking.
A)Controlled experiment
B)Observational study

Accepted Answer

This is an observational study because the researcher is not manipulating any variables. The researcher is simply observing the smoking rates of teens in urban and rural areas.

Question 19

Consider the following statement, "In a nationwide study, children on an all- organic diet are more alert in school than those not on an all- organic diet." Which of the following is a plausible confounding variable in this study?
A)Parents' social- economic status
B)School start times
C)The quality of the non- organic diet
D)All of these
E)None of these

Accepted Answer

All of these options could be confounding variables. Parents' socio-economic status might influence both the ability to afford an all-organic diet and other factors affecting alertness. School start times could affect alertness independently of diet. The quality of the non-organic diet could also impact alertness, making it difficult to attribute differences solely to the organic diet.

Question 20

In a sample of 800 first- year college students, 72% said that they check their Facebook page at least three times a day. How many students is this?
A)576
B)72
C)224
D)Not enough information available.

Accepted Answer

72% of 800 students is calculated as 0.72 * 800 = 576 students.

Quiz 1: Introduction to Data

Choose the best answer to complete the statement: "In a statistical context, the term variable is used. . ."

The two- way table below shows the survey results when sixty adults were asked whether they had made a clothing purchase in the last thirty days. -What percentage of the sample had not made a clothing purchase in the past thirty days?

What is the approximate percentage of study participants who are women in this study who said that they prefer to drive a SUV to driving a compact car?

Consider the following statement "My child was bullied on the school bus and so was my neighbors child, so obviously, bullying is a big problem on school buses and something needs to be done about it!" What is wrong with this statement?

The deacons at a local church surveyed the congregation to find out if members would be willing to fund a new construction project. In this example, what is the population of interest?

Consider the following statement, "Babies who breastfeed are less likely to grow into children with behavioral problems by the time they reach age 5 than those who receive formula milk." Which of the following is a plausible confounding variable in this study?

The ethnicity of the individual respondents in a political poll of a randomly selected group of adults is an example of what type of variable?

What is the approximate percentage of men in this study who prefer to rent a movie on DVD?

In a survey, married couples were asked, "Do you have children?" The response was electronically recorded as a "1" for yes and a "0" for no. This is an example of .

The two- way table below shows teenage driver gender and whether or not the respondent had texted at least once while driving during the last thirty days. -What percentage of the sample were female drivers?

Which of the following is not an example of data?

Suppose you are presented with a dataset containing the ages of 50 randomly selected adults and the amount of money they spent at a certain grocery store on a certain day. Which of following questions do not need to be asked about the dataset?

The two- way table below shows the survey results when sixty adults were asked whether they had made a clothing purchase in the last thirty days. -Of the adult males surveyed, what percentage had made a clothing purchase in the last thirty days?

A group of college students was given a new energy drink then asked to record their level of alertness at midday. In this example, is the treatment variable and is the outcome variable.

What is the approximate percentage of study participants who are women?

What is the approximate percentage of women who participated in this study?

The two- way table below shows teenage driver gender and whether or not the respondent had texted at least once while driving during the last thirty days. -What percentage of the sample had texted at least once while driving in the past thirty days?

The smoking rates of teens in urban areas are compared to those living in rural areas to see whether teens living in rural settings have higher rates of smoking.

Consider the following statement, "In a nationwide study, children on an all- organic diet are more alert in school than those not on an all- organic diet." Which of the following is a plausible confounding variable in this study?

In a sample of 800 first- year college students, 72% said that they check their Facebook page at least three times a day. How many students is this?