Question 1

After arriving off the Guinea Coast,Portuguese captains traded with African leaders for which of the following items?
A) jade
B) hemp
C) ivory
D) salt

Accepted Answer

The Portuguese traded for ivory with African leaders on the Guinea Coast.

Question 2

Who was the first known Portuguese merchant to begin to formally trade for slaves with the Africans?
A) Antam Goncalvez
B) Oba Dahomey
C) Ruy do Siqueira
D) Bartolomeu Dias

Accepted Answer

Ruy do Siqueira is believed to be the first known Portuguese merchant to begin to formally trade for slaves with the Africans, establishing trading posts on the Western coast of Africa in the early 15th century. Antam Goncalvez was a Portuguese explorer who visited West Africa but there is no evidence he was involved in the slave trade. Oba Dahomey was a ruler of the Dahomey kingdom in the 18th century and was not a Portuguese merchant. Bartolomeu Dias was a Portuguese explorer who sailed around the tip of Africa in 1488 but was not involved in the slave trade.

Question 3

In what form did the Portuguese use captured slaves until the early sixteenth century?
A) as domestic servants
B) as labor in the sugar cane fields of North America
C) as soldiers in some of the Europeans' wars of the era
D) as teachers of African culture and language for wealthy, young Portuguese children

Accepted Answer

Until the early sixteenth century, the Portuguese mainly used captured slaves as domestic servants in Portugal and its colonies. They were forced to work in households, on farms and plantations, and as skilled artisans. It was only later that large numbers of slaves were imported to work in the sugar cane fields in North America.

Question 4

Which European country took the lead in the exploration and colonization of Africa,Asia,and the Americas in the early 1400s?
A) Portugal
B) France
C) England
D) Switzerland

Accepted Answer

Portugal took the lead in exploration and colonization in the early 1400s through their efforts to establish trading posts along the African coast and ultimately colonizing areas such as Brazil, Angola, and Mozambique. France, England, and Switzerland also participated in later colonization efforts but did not take the lead during this time period.

Question 5

How did the early Europeans usually obtain their supply of African slaves?
A) They raided along the west coast of Africa, forcibly capturing large families.
B) Arabs brought slaves up to the coastal cities in Europe and Europeans bought them.
C) Europeans captured large land areas through warfare, and subjugated entire groups of people into slavery.
D) They obtained their slaves through trade with native African tribes, primarily in West Africa.

Accepted Answer

Europeans obtained their slaves through trade with native African tribes, primarily in West Africa. The Europeans would trade goods such as guns, cloth, and alcohol in exchange for slaves, who were captured by African intermediaries and sold to the Europeans. This trade network became known as the "Atlantic slave trade."

Question 6

Why did the British want to take over the slave trade in the late-seventeenth century?
A) Their ongoing war with France demanded a supply of soldiers.
B) They needed labor for tobacco and sugar cultivation in North America and the Caribbean.
C) The availability of Native American labor was dwindling.
D) They had begun to establish cotton plantations in Brazil and needed labor.

Accepted Answer

The British wanted to take over the slave trade in the late-seventeenth century because they needed labor for tobacco and sugar cultivation in North America and the Caribbean. Slaves were seen as a valuable source of labor for these crops, and the British wanted to ensure that they had a steady supply of them in order to maintain their profitable colonies.

Question 7

According to Map 2-2 in your textbook,most African slaves in the Caribbean in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries lived on which of the following islands?
A) Cuba and Aruba
B) The Bahamas
C) Jamaica and Hispaniola
D) Puerto Rico and the Leeward islands

Accepted Answer

Map 2-2 shows that Jamaica and Hispaniola had the highest concentration of African slaves in the Caribbean during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

Question 8

Which accomplishment did the Portuguese achieve before other European nations?
A) rounding the Cape of Good Hope
B) sailing around Alaska
C) the discovery of the New World
D) reaching Antarctica

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which accomplishment did the Portuguese achieve before...

Question 9

What steps did the Europeans take to reduce the risk of rebellion at the slave factories in Africa?
A) Slaves were kept drugged.
B) Families and ethnic groups were separated.
C) Men and women were confined in the same rooms.
D) Europeans did not really have to take many steps, as the completely overwhelmed Africans often submitted to the process.

Accepted Answer

Europeans separated families and ethnic groups to prevent slaves from forming alliances and rebelling against their captors. This tactic also made it easier for the Europeans to control and manipulate the slaves, as they would have fewer allies and support networks. Keeping slaves drugged or confined men and women together might have been counterproductive to the Europeans' goals of maximizing profits and maintaining control, as drugged slaves could be more difficult to manage and mixed-gender rooms could lead to unwanted pregnancies or conflicts. The idea that Africans completely submitted to the process of enslavement is a myth and ignores the numerous rebellions, uprisings, and acts of resistance that took place on the continent.

Question 10

Why did Europeans need labor from Africa for their colonies in the Americas?
A) Native Americans quickly began to die in huge numbers from European diseases.
B) Native Americans refused to be captured or work as slaves in fields or mines.
C) Europeans avoided Native American people and did not seek their labor.
D) Native Americans relocated to Europe for survival.

Accepted Answer

Native Americans were quickly dying from European diseases like smallpox, measles, and influenza. Sickened by the Europeans, they also lacked resistance to European diseases, which killed millions of Native Americans. Thus, Europeans needed a large labor force to work in their colonies' plantations and mines, which caused them to turn to Africa to purchase slaves to bring to the Americas.

Question 11

Which nation ended Spanish and Portuguese domination of the slave trade in the early-seventeenth century?
A) Holland
B) England
C) France
D) Germany

Accepted Answer

Holland, also known as the Dutch Republic, became a major power in trade and shipping in the early-seventeenth century. They established their own slave-trading companies and challenged the Portuguese and Spanish dominance in the trade. With their superior naval power, the Dutch were able to gain control of the slave trade in many areas, including parts of the Caribbean and West Africa, and effectively ended the Spanish and Portuguese domination.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of the accomplishments of Christopher Columbus in the late 1400s?
A) Columbus reached India and Japan.
B) Columbus successfully sailed east to reach China.
C) Columbus proved that the earth was much smaller than its actual size.
D) Columbus made navigation mistakes that led to his accidental landfall in the Americas.

Accepted Answer

Columbus made navigation mistakes that led to his accidental landfall in the Americas. While Columbus did believe that he had reached India and Japan, he was actually in the Caribbean and had discovered the "New World." His voyage opened up the Americas to exploration and colonization by European powers.

Question 13

Which of the following statements best describes the triangular trade system produced by the Atlantic slave trade?
A) one part of the system entailed traders carrying African goods to Europe in exchange for slaves, ivory, precious gemstones, and art works
B) the middle part of the trade included traders carrying African slaves to the West Indies and exchanging slaves for sugar
C) Sugar was exported to Australia on the third leg of the triangle
D) White Americans from Britain's New England colonies were not involved in the trade.

Accepted Answer

The triangular trade system produced by the Atlantic slave trade involved three parts: European traders carrying goods to Africa in exchange for slaves; the middle passage where slaves were transported to the West Indies and exchanged for goods such as sugar, molasses, and rum; and the third leg of the triangle involved the transportation and sale of sugar in Europe. Choice A is only describing one part of the system, and choices C and D are incorrect.

Question 14

In what century did the Atlantic slave trade reach similar proportions to the Muslim trans-Sahara slave trade?
A) 1600s
B) 1700s
C) 1800s
D) 1900s

Accepted Answer

The Atlantic slave trade reached similar proportions to the Muslim trans-Sahara slave trade in the 1600s.

Question 15

Examine the late-sixteenth/early-seventeenth century Benin bronze relief sculpture shown in Chapter 2.2.What aspects of the image indicate that the individuals are European?
A) European livestock is shown in the image.
B) European cities are shown in the image.
C) European clothing styles are depicted in the image.
D) European languages are shown in the image.

Accepted Answer

The European individuals in the Benin bronze relief sculpture are depicted wearing European clothing styles, including ruffs and doublets. The other options (A, B, and D) are not present in the image.

Question 16

Which of the following groups conducted the Islamic slave trade?
A) Chinese sailors
B) English farmers
C) Sudanese horsemen
D) Russian soldiers

Accepted Answer

Sudanese horsemen conducted the Islamic slave trade.

Question 17

Why did Africans enslave other Africans and sell them to Europeans?
A) Africans viewed other Africans in terms of racial solidarity and wanted to help them.
B) Warfare among African tribes led to selling defeated tribes to make money and to get rid of opponents.
C) African leaders were forced by their own people under threat of annihilation to sell other Africans to the Europeans.
D) Africans wanted to move to Europe and create colonies.

Accepted Answer

Warfare among African tribes was a common occurrence, and defeated tribes were often captured and sold as slaves to generate income and eliminate potential rivals. The slave trade was driven by economic incentives rather than racial solidarity or external pressure.

Question 18

Which statement about the nature of the Islamic slave trade prior to European entry is true?
A) The Islamic slave trade did not exist in Africa prior to European entry.
B) The Islamic slave trade was not based primarily on race.
C) The Islamic slave trade mainly captured adult males for agricultural labor.
D) Slavery and the slave trade under Islamic society were as harsh as the European version in the Americas.

Accepted Answer

The Islamic slave trade was not based primarily on race, as is evidenced by the fact that slaves came from a variety of ethnic backgrounds and were not relegated to specific roles or occupations. The trade was also not restricted to Africa and extended to various other parts of the world, including Europe and Asia. While there certainly were instances of abuse and harsh treatment of slaves, the Islamic system had more protections and safeguards in place than the European system, such as the ability for slaves to buy their freedom, own property, and even hold positions of authority.

Question 19

By 1510 most of the slaves in the Americas were men and boys who served as agricultural laborers,rather than soldiers or domestic servants,in part because __________.
A) Europeans believed men and boys preferred to do domestic chores
B) Europeans believed men and boys were stronger laborers than women and girls
C) men and boys refused to become the chattel of their masters
D) men and boys willingly gave up their customary rights as human beings

Accepted Answer

Europeans believed that men and boys were stronger than women and girls and therefore better suited for agricultural labor. This belief was a product of gender roles and societal norms of the time.

Question 20

Examine the eighteenth-century print of Luanda that appears in Chapter 2.What aspects of the Atlantic slave trade surface in the image?
A) The city possesses a harbor.
B) African people are shown at work in the image.
C) European kings line the streets of the city in royal procession.
D) European armies fight in the distance over the slave trade.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Examine the eighteenth-century print of Luanda that...

Quiz 2: Middle Passage

After arriving off the Guinea Coast,Portuguese captains traded with African leaders for which of the following items?

Who was the first known Portuguese merchant to begin to formally trade for slaves with the Africans?

In what form did the Portuguese use captured slaves until the early sixteenth century?

Which European country took the lead in the exploration and colonization of Africa,Asia,and the Americas in the early 1400s?

How did the early Europeans usually obtain their supply of African slaves?

Why did the British want to take over the slave trade in the late-seventeenth century?

According to Map 2-2 in your textbook,most African slaves in the Caribbean in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries lived on which of the following islands?

Which accomplishment did the Portuguese achieve before other European nations?

What steps did the Europeans take to reduce the risk of rebellion at the slave factories in Africa?

Why did Europeans need labor from Africa for their colonies in the Americas?

Which nation ended Spanish and Portuguese domination of the slave trade in the early-seventeenth century?

Which of the following is an example of the accomplishments of Christopher Columbus in the late 1400s?

Which of the following statements best describes the triangular trade system produced by the Atlantic slave trade?

In what century did the Atlantic slave trade reach similar proportions to the Muslim trans-Sahara slave trade?

Examine the late-sixteenth/early-seventeenth century Benin bronze relief sculpture shown in Chapter 2.2.What aspects of the image indicate that the individuals are European?

Which of the following groups conducted the Islamic slave trade?

Why did Africans enslave other Africans and sell them to Europeans?

Which statement about the nature of the Islamic slave trade prior to European entry is true?

By 1510 most of the slaves in the Americas were men and boys who served as agricultural laborers,rather than soldiers or domestic servants,in part because __________.

Examine the eighteenth-century print of Luanda that appears in Chapter 2.What aspects of the Atlantic slave trade surface in the image?