Question 1

The second law of thermodynamics states that if no energy enters or leaves the system under study, the potential energy of the final state will be______ the potential energy of the initial state.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

ΔG refers to the change in ______ of the system.

Accepted Answer

ΔG refers to the change in free energy of the system.

Question 3

Of the total solar energy that reaches the Earth, ______ percent is captured by the cells of photosynthetic organisms.

Accepted Answer

Less than 1 percent of the total solar energy that reaches the Earth is captured by the cells of photosynthetic organisms. Most of the solar energy is either reflected back into space or absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere and surface.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about living cells is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Living cells are not at equilibrium with their surroundings; they maintain a state of disequilibrium to perform work and sustain life processes.

Question 5

During the oxidation of glucose in the cell, most of the energy is released:

Accepted Answer

The oxidation of glucose in the cell occurs through a series of small, controlled steps in processes like glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, allowing the cell to capture energy efficiently.

Question 6

Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

Accepted Answer

The answer of Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide +...

Question 7

The energy of a system is defined as:

Accepted Answer

Energy is defined as the capacity to do work, which encompasses various forms such as kinetic, potential, thermal, and chemical energy.

Question 8

The second law of thermodynamics states that all naturally occurring processes:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The second law of thermodynamics states that...

Question 9

The first law of thermodynamics states that the total energy of a system and its surroundings after an energy conversion is ______ the total energy before the conversion.

Accepted Answer

The first law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of energy conservation, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. Therefore, the total energy of a system and its surroundings remains equal before and after an energy conversion.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT an example of potential energy?

Accepted Answer

Water at the bottom of a waterfall has kinetic energy due to its motion, not potential energy.

Question 11

According to the first law of thermodynamics, the total energy of ______ is ______.

Accepted Answer

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed or transferred. Therefore, the total energy of the universe is constant.

Question 12

ΔH refers to the:

Accepted Answer

ΔH represents the change in enthalpy, which is the heat content of a system at constant pressure.

Question 13

Oxidation is defined as the:

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is defined as the loss of electrons from a molecule, atom, or ion.

Question 14

An exergonic reaction:

Accepted Answer

An exergonic reaction releases energy, meaning the potential energy of the final state is less than that of the initial state, resulting in a negative ΔG value.

Question 15

One way of stating the second law of thermodynamics is:

Accepted Answer

The second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of the universe tends to increase over time, reflecting the natural progression towards disorder.

Question 16

The first law of thermodynamics states that:

Accepted Answer

The first law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of energy conservation, states that energy can be transformed from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 17

In biological reactions, when a molecule is oxidized it ______ an electron and a(n) ______.

Accepted Answer

In biological reactions, oxidation refers to the loss of electrons. Often, this is accompanied by the loss of a proton (H+), as electrons and protons are frequently transferred together in biochemical processes.

Question 18

In all naturally occurring processes:

Accepted Answer

In all naturally occurring processes, the Gibbs free energy (ΔG) decreases, meaning it is negative. This is because natural processes tend to move towards a state of lower energy and higher stability.

Question 19

Which of the following equations relating enthalpy, entropy, and free energy is correct?

Accepted Answer

ΔG = ΔH - T ΔSThis equation is the Gibbs free energy equation, which relates the change in free energy (ΔG) to the change in enthalpy (ΔH), the change in entropy (ΔS), and the temperature (T).

Question 20

Entropy refers to the ______ of a system.

Accepted Answer

Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system.

Quiz 5: The Flow of Energy