Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide?
A) lactose
B) glucose
C) fructose
D) deoxyribose
E) galactose

Accepted Answer

Lactose is a disaccharide, consisting of two monosaccharides, glucose and galactose, linked together.

Question 2

The presence of
A) amino : polar
B) hydroxyl : polar chemical groups makes carbohydrates .
C) carboxyl : polar and acidic
D) amino : acidic
E) hydroxyl : nonpolar

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl groups are polar, and their presence in carbohydrates contributes to their solubility and reactivity.

Question 3

Which of the following correctly describes glycogen?
A) It is an important storage polysaccharide found in animal tissues.
B) It forms the regulatory molecules known as enzymes.
C) It contains the genetic information found in cells.
D) It helps to protect vital organs from damage.
E) It serves as a structural component of human cells.

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is a storage polysaccharide primarily found in the liver and muscle tissues of animals, where it serves as a form of energy storage.

Question 4

are molecules composed of a glycerol and three fatty acids.
A) Phospholipids
B) Triglycerides
C) Steroids
D) Eicosanoids
E) Saturated fatty acids

Accepted Answer

Triglycerides are the molecules that consist of a glycerol backbone esterified to three fatty acid molecules, making them the main constituents of body fat in humans and other animals, as well as vegetable fat.

Question 5

Which of the following statements concerning hydrogen bonds is FALSE?
A) They are important forces for tertiary structure of proteins.
B) They can form between neighboring molecules.
C) They are responsible for many of the unique properties of water.
D) They can occur within a single molecule.
E) They are strong attractive forces between hydrogen atoms and negatively charged atoms.

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds are not considered strong attractive forces; they are relatively weak compared to covalent or ionic bonds. They occur between a hydrogen atom attached to a more electronegative atom (like oxygen or nitrogen) and another electronegative atom, not necessarily between hydrogen atoms and negatively charged atoms.

Question 6

Based upon a sequence of 15 nucleotides in a strand of DNA, what is the maximum amount of amino acids produced?
A) 7
B) 50
C) 3
D) 5
E) 2

Accepted Answer

The translation of DNA to amino acids occurs through an intermediary RNA sequence, where every three nucleotides (a codon) code for one amino acid. Given a sequence of 15 nucleotides, the maximum number of amino acids produced would be 15 divided by 3, which equals 5.

Question 7

is a polysaccharide found in animal cells, whereas
_ is a polysaccharide found in
Plants that can be degraded by humans.
A) Glycogen : starch
B) Galactose : starch
C) Galactose : cellulose
D) Glycogen : cellulose
E) Lactose : starch

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in animals, while starch is the storage form of glucose in plants and can be digested by humans.

Question 8

are molecules that form the bilayer of cell membranes and micelles.
A) Steroids
B) Triglycerides
C) Phospholipids
D) Saturated fatty acids
E) Eicosanoids

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids are the primary molecules that form the bilayer of cell membranes and can also form micelles. They have a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head and two hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails, which allow them to form the bilayer structure of cell membranes, creating a barrier that separates the interior of the cell from the external environment.

Question 9

A fatty acid that contains three double bonds in its carbon chain is said to be
A) polyunsaturated.
B) polysaturated.
C) monounsaturated.
D) hypersaturated.
E) saturated.

Accepted Answer

A fatty acid with three double bonds in its carbon chain is considered polyunsaturated because "poly-" refers to many or multiple, indicating the presence of more than one double bond in the fatty acid's structure.

Question 10

are molecules that contain primarily carbons and hydrogens linked together by nonpolar covalent bonds.
A) Proteins
B) Polysaccharides
C) Lipids
D) Carbohydrates
E) Nucleotides

Accepted Answer

Lipids are molecules that are primarily made up of carbons and hydrogens linked together by nonpolar covalent bonds, making them hydrophobic or water-repellent. This characteristic distinguishes them from proteins, polysaccharides, carbohydrates, and nucleotides, which have more polar bonds and interactions.

Question 11

-What type of molecule is shown in Figure 2.2?
A) disaccharide
B) amino acid
C) monosaccharide
D) phospholipid
E) fatty acid

Accepted Answer

The answer of 
-What type of molecule is shown in...

Question 12

The amphipathic property of phospholipids can be described as a
A) polar region that dissolves in water and a nonpolar region that repels water.
B) single polar region that is miscible in aqueous solution.
C) single nonpolar region that is not miscible in aqueous solution.
D) nonpolar region facing the outside and a polar region facing the inside of a cell.
E) nonpolar region that dissolves in water and a polar region that face one another.

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have a polar (hydrophilic) head that dissolves in water and a nonpolar (hydrophobic) tail that repels water, making them amphipathic.

Question 13

are modified fatty acids that function in intercellular communication and include prostaglandins and thromboxanes.
A) Phospholipids
B) Triglycerides
C) Eicosanoids
D) Saturated fatty acids
E) Steroids

Accepted Answer

Eicosanoids are modified fatty acids that play a significant role in intercellular communication, including the function of prostaglandins and thromboxanes.

Question 14

What interaction between the phosphate and the carbohydrate of a nucleotide holds the backbone of a DNA strand together?
A) disulfide bridges
B) covalent bonds
C) van der Waals forces
D) ionic bonds
E) hydrogen bonds

Accepted Answer

The backbone of a DNA strand is held together by covalent bonds between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar (carbohydrate) of the next nucleotide. These are specifically phosphodiester bonds, a type of covalent bond.

Question 15

Which of the following molecules will dissolve readily in water? A) C₆H₁₄ B) triglyceride C) fatty acid D) cholesterol E) NaCl

Accepted Answer

NaCl (sodium chloride) dissolves readily in water due to its ionic nature, which allows it to interact strongly with the polar water molecules.

Question 16

What interaction between complementary bases holds the two strands of a DNA molecule together?
A) ionic bonds
B) covalent bonds
C) hydrogen bonds
D) disulfide bridges
E) van der Waals forces

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between complementary bases (adenine with thymine and cytosine with guanine) are responsible for holding the two strands of a DNA molecule together.

Question 17

act(s) as the precursor to steroid molecules, many of which function as hormones.
A) Cholesterol
B) Saturated fatty acids
C) Eicosanoids
D) Phospholipids
E) Unsaturated fatty acids

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol is the precursor to steroid molecules, including many hormones such as testosterone, estrogen, and cortisol. It serves as a building block for the synthesis of these important biological molecules.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a pentose sugar?
A) glucose
B) sucrose
C) lactose
D) deoxyribose
E) fructose

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribose is a pentose sugar, meaning it contains five carbon atoms. It is a component of DNA, distinguishing it from other sugars listed which have six carbon atoms (hexoses) or are disaccharides composed of two monosaccharides.

Question 19

-Which of the following nucleotide sequences accurately reflects the mRNA that would be produced from the double -stranded DNA shown in Figure 2.1?
A) 3'TGTCTCACTGTCTTG5'
B) 3'ACAGAGUGACAGAAC5'
C) 3'GTTCTGTCACTCTGT5'
D) 5'UGUCUCACUGUCUUG3'
E) 5'ACAGAGTGACAGAAC3'

Accepted Answer

The answer of 
-Which of the following nucleotide sequences accurately...

Question 20

Which of the following molecules is a disaccharide?
A) glucose
B) lactose
C) galactose
D) fructose
E) glycogen

Accepted Answer

Lactose is a disaccharide, consisting of two monosaccharides, glucose and galactose, linked together.

Quiz 2: The Cell: Structure and Function

Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide?

The presence of

Which of the following correctly describes glycogen?

are molecules composed of a glycerol and three fatty acids.

Which of the following statements concerning hydrogen bonds is FALSE?

Based upon a sequence of 15 nucleotides in a strand of DNA, what is the maximum amount of amino acids produced?

is a polysaccharide found in animal cells, whereas _ is a polysaccharide found in Plants that can be degraded by humans.

are molecules that form the bilayer of cell membranes and micelles.

A fatty acid that contains three double bonds in its carbon chain is said to be

are molecules that contain primarily carbons and hydrogens linked together by nonpolar covalent bonds.

-What type of molecule is shown in Figure 2.2?

The amphipathic property of phospholipids can be described as a

are modified fatty acids that function in intercellular communication and include prostaglandins and thromboxanes.

What interaction between the phosphate and the carbohydrate of a nucleotide holds the backbone of a DNA strand together?

Which of the following molecules will dissolve readily in water?

What interaction between complementary bases holds the two strands of a DNA molecule together?

act(s) as the precursor to steroid molecules, many of which function as hormones.

Which of the following is an example of a pentose sugar?

-Which of the following nucleotide sequences accurately reflects the mRNA that would be produced from the double -stranded DNA shown in Figure 2.1?

Which of the following molecules is a disaccharide?