Question 1

A _ detects a change in a regulated variable and sends that information to a(n)which relays signals to a(n), usually a muscle or a gland.
A)stimulus : receptor : organ system
B)receptor : integrating center : negative feedback control
C)sensor : integrating center : effector
D)receptor : stimulus : regulated variable
E)sensor : effector : integrating center

Accepted Answer

A sensor detects changes in a regulated variable and sends information to an integrating center, which processes the information and sends signals to an effector, typically a muscle or gland, to elicit a response.

Question 2

Where is most of our total body water located?
A)in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract
B)in blood
C)inside cells
D)in the lumen of the kidneys
E)surrounding the cells

Accepted Answer

Most of our total body water is located inside cells, known as intracellular fluid, which accounts for about two-thirds of the body's total water content.

Question 3

Which tissue below contracts to generate force?
A)epithelial tissue
B)connective tissue
C)nervous tissue
D)muscle tissue
E)reticular tissue

Accepted Answer

Muscle tissue is specialized for contraction and generating force, while the other tissue types listed do not have this function.

Question 4

What percentage of adults in the United States is obese?
A)10%
B)15%
C)35%
D)20%
E)25%

Accepted Answer

According to recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 35% of adults in the United States are considered obese.

Question 5

What tissue is specialized for generating electrical signals?
A)epithelial
B)connective
C)nervous
D)muscle
E)endocrine

Accepted Answer

The nervous tissue is specialized for generating electrical signals. It consists of neurons that are able to produce and transmit electrical and chemical signals, allowing for communication between different parts of the body and the brain.

Question 6

What tissue is a major component of bone, ligaments, and blood?
A)epithelial
B)connective
C)nervous
D)muscle
E)endocrine

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue is the major component of bone and ligaments (in the form of dense regular connective tissue) and blood (in the form of blood cells and plasma). Epithelial tissue covers and lines body surfaces, nervous tissue is involved in transmitting and processing signals in the nervous system, muscle tissue contracts to produce movement, and endocrine tissue secretes hormones.

Question 7

A patient has a high salt or sodium intake which draws fluid out of his cells to dilute the sodium. This process occurs as a result of
A)negative feedback control.
B)reabsorption.
C)excretion.
D)positive feedback control.
E)absorption.

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback control is a process in which the output of a system acts to reduce the input. In this case, the high salt intake is the input, and the fluid drawn out of the cells is the output. The output (fluid drawn out of the cells) acts to reduce the input (high salt intake) by diluting the sodium.

Question 8

The is the interior compartment of a hollow organ or vessel.
A)epithelium
B)intracellular matrix
C)basement membrane
D)cavity
E)lumen

Accepted Answer

The lumen is the interior space or cavity of a hollow organ or vessel.

Question 9

Total body water is composed of
A)extracellular fluid only.
B)intracellular fluid only.
C)intracellular and interstitial fluid.
D)plasma and intracellular fluid.
E)intracellular and extracellular fluid.

Accepted Answer

Total body water is composed of both intracellular fluid (inside cells) and extracellular fluid (outside cells, which includes interstitial fluid and plasma).

Question 10

Luteinizing hormone- mediated regulation of estrogen during ovulation in women is an example of
A)a negative feedback loop.
B)both a positive and a negative feedback loop.
C)a quasi- negative feedback loop.
D)a quasi- positive feedback loop.
E)a positive feedback loop.

Accepted Answer

During ovulation, luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers the release of estrogen, which in turn stimulates more LH production, creating a positive feedback loop.

Question 11

The process whereby fluid in the kidneys is transported from the tubules back into the bloodstream is called
A)filtration.
B)reabsorption.
C)secretion.
D)absorption.
E)excretion.

Accepted Answer

Reabsorption is the process by which fluid in the kidneys is transported from the tubules back into the bloodstream.

Question 12

What tissue is specialized to contract?
A)epithelial
B)connective
C)nervous
D)muscle
E)endocrine

Accepted Answer

Muscle tissue is specialized to contract. It is responsible for movement in the body and is composed of cells that are elongated and contain contractile proteins. Epithelial tissue is specialized for secretion, absorption, and protection. Connective tissue provides support and connects different parts of the body. Nervous tissue is specialized for communication and transmission of signals. Endocrine tissue is specialized for secretion of hormones.

Question 13

The process whereby fluid and ions that have not been reabsorbed by the kidneys exit the body as urine is called
A)absorption.
B)excretion.
C)reabsorption.
D)secretion.
E)filtration.

Accepted Answer

Urine is the fluid and waste products that are filtered from the blood by the kidneys. It is then transported to the bladder and excreted from the body through the urethra.

Question 14

Which of the following is/are associated with the endocrine system?
A)esophagus
B)bronchi
C)adrenal gland
D)blood vessels
E)pancreas

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is/are associated with...

Question 15

Which tissue below conducts signals primarily via electrical impulses?
A)epithelial tissue
B)connective tissue
C)nervous tissue
D)muscle tissue
E)reticular tissue

Accepted Answer

Nervous tissue primarily conducts signals via electrical impulses through the transmission of action potentials.

Question 16

Epithelial cells are associated with a noncellular material called a(n)
A)basement membrane.
B)muscle fiber.
C)endocrine gland.
D)connective tissue.
E)fibroblast.

Accepted Answer

The basement membrane is a noncellular layer that supports epithelial cells and separates them from underlying tissues.

Question 17

What are the structures that attach bone to muscle?
A)aponeuroses
B)intracellular matrix proteins
C)ligaments
D)tendons
E)extracellular matrix proteins

Accepted Answer

Tendons are the structures that attach muscle to bone, allowing for the transmission of force from muscle to bone to facilitate movement.

Question 18

What is the difference between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus?
A)One causes diarrhea; the other causes diuresis.
B)One is a lack of ADH secretion; the other a resistance to ADH.
C)One is a lack of insulin secretion; the other a resistance to insulin.
D)One causes increased fluid loss; the other causes increased thirst.
E)One is a deficit in insulin activity; the other a deficit in ADH activity.

Accepted Answer

Diabetes mellitus is related to insulin activity, either due to lack of insulin secretion or resistance to insulin, while diabetes insipidus is related to a deficit in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) activity.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?
A)Consumption of caffeine increases urine output, causing dehydration.
B)During an infection, the body temperature set point is increased. The hypothalamus communicates to skeletal muscles to shiver and to blood vessels to decrease blood flow to the skin, causing a rise in body temperature.
C)At the time of birth, uterine contractions push the baby toward the cervix. Receptors in the cervix detect the pressure caused by the baby and cause the release of a hormone called oxytocin. This hormone stimulates stronger uterine contractions, which push more on the baby, causing an increase in pressure and another increase in oxytocin. The cycle continues until the baby is delivered from the mother.
D)If blood pressure increases above normal, baroreceptors in major arteries detect the change and send signals to the brain. Certain areas of the brain then send signals to the nerves that control the heart and blood vessels to make the heart beat slower and the blood vessels increase in diameter, which in turn reduce the blood pressure.
E)During a blood clot, platelets release ADP, which stimulates platelet aggregation, causing platelets to release more ADP.

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback is a process that reduces the output or activity of any organ or system back to its normal range of functioning. In option D, when blood pressure increases, the body responds by slowing the heart rate and dilating blood vessels to lower the blood pressure back to normal, exemplifying negative feedback.

Question 20

Homeostasis is a term which describes the process whereby the body
A)affects the external environment.
B)maintains a constant internal and external environment.
C)maintains a variable internal environment.
D)maintains a constant external environment.
E)maintains a constant internal environment.

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

Quiz 1: Introduction to Physiology

A _ detects a change in a regulated variable and sends that information to a(n) which relays signals to a(n) , usually a muscle or a gland.

Where is most of our total body water located?

Which tissue below contracts to generate force?

What percentage of adults in the United States is obese?

What tissue is specialized for generating electrical signals?

What tissue is a major component of bone, ligaments, and blood?

A patient has a high salt or sodium intake which draws fluid out of his cells to dilute the sodium. This process occurs as a result of

The is the interior compartment of a hollow organ or vessel.

Total body water is composed of

Luteinizing hormone- mediated regulation of estrogen during ovulation in women is an example of

The process whereby fluid in the kidneys is transported from the tubules back into the bloodstream is called

What tissue is specialized to contract?

The process whereby fluid and ions that have not been reabsorbed by the kidneys exit the body as urine is called

Which of the following is/are associated with the endocrine system?

Which tissue below conducts signals primarily via electrical impulses?

Epithelial cells are associated with a noncellular material called a(n)

What are the structures that attach bone to muscle?

What is the difference between diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus?

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?

Homeostasis is a term which describes the process whereby the body