Question 1

Somatosensory functions are carried out in this part of the spinal cord.
A)lateral and ventral fiber tracts and ventral horns
B)dorsal white columns and dorsal horns
C)lateral fiber tracts and lateral horns
D)ventral fiber tracts and ventral horns

Accepted Answer

Somatosensory functions are carried out in the dorsal white columns and dorsal horns of the spinal cord, which receive and transmit sensory information from the body. The ventral horns and ventral fiber tracts are involved in motor functions of the spinal cord. The lateral fiber tracts and lateral horns are involved in autonomic functions of the spinal cord.

Question 2

The meninges that cover the spinal cord from outermost to innermost are ________.
A)dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
B)arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater
C)dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid mater
D)pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater

Accepted Answer

The meninges are three layers of protective tissue called the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater that encase the central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord. From outermost to innermost, the correct order is dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater.

Question 3

At the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra the spinal cord terminates in a structure called the________ .
A)dura mater
B)conus medullaris
C)filum terminale
D)denticulate ligament

Accepted Answer

The spinal cord terminates in a structure called the conus medullaris at the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.

Question 4

This extension of one of the meninges covering the spinal cord attaches it to the coccyx.
A)dura mater
B)denticulate ligament
C)filum terminale
D)conus medullaris

Accepted Answer

The filum terminale is an extension of the pia mater, one of the meninges that cover the spinal cord, and it serves to anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx, providing stability.

Question 5

What functional type of neuron is found in the dorsal root ganglion?
A)both sensory and motor
B)motor
C)there are only interneurons in the dorsa root ganglion
D)sensory

Accepted Answer

The dorsal root ganglion contains sensory neurons, which transmit sensory information from the periphery to the central nervous system.

Question 6

How many pairs of spinal nerves are present in humans?
A)24
B)28
C)31
D)29

Accepted Answer

Humans have 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

Question 7

These fiber tracts run between the dorsal horns.
A)corticospinal tracts
B)spinothalamic tracts
C)spinocerebellar tracts
D)dorsal white columns

Accepted Answer

The dorsal white columns, also known as the posterior columns, consist of ascending sensory tracts that carry information from the body to the brain, running between the dorsal horns of the spinal cord.

Question 8

These fiber tracts carry signals about voluntary movement to the spinal cord.
A)spinothalamic tracts
B)dorsal white columns
C)spinocerebellar tracts
D)corticospinal tracts

Accepted Answer

Corticospinal tracts are responsible for carrying signals related to voluntary movement from the brain to the spinal cord.

Question 9

These horns of the spinal cord are present only in the thoracic and lumber regions.
A)ventral
B)lateral
C)dorsal

Accepted Answer

Lateral horns of the spinal cord are present only in the thoracic and lumbar regions, where they contain neurons involved in the autonomic (sympathetic) nervous system.

Question 10

Transection of the dorsal roots of spinal nerves C5 through T1 results in________ .
A)loss of movement in the upper limb on the opposite side of the body
B)loss of sensation in the upper limb on the same side of the body
C)loss of sensation in the upper limb on the opposite side of the body
D)loss of movement in the upper limb on the same side of the body

Accepted Answer

The dorsal roots of spinal nerves contain sensory fibers. Transecting these roots would lead to a loss of sensation in the dermatomes supplied by these nerves, which in this case corresponds to the upper limb on the same side of the body where the transection occurred.

Question 11

This nerve, arising from the cervical plexus, is essential for normal breathing.
A)lesser occipital
B)transverse cervical
C)phrenic
D)greater auricular

Accepted Answer

The phrenic nerve, arising from the cervical plexus (specifically from roots C3, C4, and C5), is crucial for normal breathing as it innervates the diaphragm, the primary muscle involved in the breathing process.

Question 12

Damage to the lumbar plexus is likely to affect ________.
A)extension of the knee
B)adduction of the thigh
C)dorsiflexion of the foot
D)flexion of the knee

Accepted Answer

The answer of Damage to the lumbar plexus is likely...

Question 13

The dorsal rami of spinal nerves _________ _.
A)serve the muscles of the intercostal spaces and skin and muscles of the anterior trunk
B)serve the skin and muscles of the posterior body trunk
C)form nerve plexuses that serve the limbs

Accepted Answer

The dorsal rami of spinal nerves innervate the skin and muscles of the posterior body trunk, unlike the ventral rami, which can form plexuses serving the limbs or innervate the anterior trunk and limbs directly.

Question 14

There are _________ pairs of cervical spinal nerves and _________ pairs of lumbar spinal nerves.
A)7, 12
B)7, 5
C)8, 5
D)8, 12

Accepted Answer

There are 8 pairs of cervical spinal nerves and 5 pairs of lumbar spinal nerves in the human body.

Question 15

The ventral rami of spinal nerves________ form the major nerve plexuses. A)L1 through S4 B)C1 through T1 and L1 through S4 C)T₂through T₁₂D)C₁through T₁

Accepted Answer

The ventral rami of spinal nerves C1 through T1 and L1 through S4 form the major nerve plexuses, including the cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses.

Question 16

There are _________ enlargements of the spinal cord.
A)1
B)3
C)2
D)4

Accepted Answer

The spinal cord has two enlargements: the cervical enlargement, which supplies nerves to the upper limbs, and the lumbar enlargement, which supplies nerves to the lower limbs.

Question 17

Nerves serving the lower limb issue from this enlargement of the spinal cord.
A)cervical
B)thoracic
C)sacral
D)lumbar

Accepted Answer

The lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord is responsible for supplying nerves to the lower limbs.

Question 18

These ascending (sensory)tracts are the most lateral ones between the dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal cord.
A)spinocerebellar tracts
B)spinothalamic tracts
C)corticospinal tracts
D)dorsal white columns

Accepted Answer

The spinocerebellar tracts are the most lateral ascending (sensory) tracts between the dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal cord, carrying proprioceptive information to the cerebellum.

Question 19

Ventral roots of spinal nerves are purely or primarily________ .
A)mixed sensory and motor
B)sensory
C)motor

Accepted Answer

Ventral roots of spinal nerves are primarily motor, carrying motor information from the spinal cord to the body.

Question 20

This nerve of the brachial plexus supplies all the extensor muscles of the upper limb.
A)median
B)ulnar
C)radial
D)musculocutaneous

Accepted Answer

The radial nerve, originating from the brachial plexus, innervates all the extensor muscles of the upper limb, making it responsible for extending the wrist and fingers and for supination of the forearm.

Quiz 19: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Somatosensory functions are carried out in this part of the spinal cord.

The meninges that cover the spinal cord from outermost to innermost are ________.

At the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra the spinal cord terminates in a structure called the________ .

This extension of one of the meninges covering the spinal cord attaches it to the coccyx.

What functional type of neuron is found in the dorsal root ganglion?

How many pairs of spinal nerves are present in humans?

These fiber tracts run between the dorsal horns.

These fiber tracts carry signals about voluntary movement to the spinal cord.

These horns of the spinal cord are present only in the thoracic and lumber regions.

Transection of the dorsal roots of spinal nerves C5 through T1 results in________ .

This nerve, arising from the cervical plexus, is essential for normal breathing.

Damage to the lumbar plexus is likely to affect ________.

The dorsal rami of spinal nerves _________ _.

There are _ pairs of cervical spinal nerves and _ pairs of lumbar spinal nerves.

The ventral rami of spinal nerves________ form the major nerve plexuses.

There are _________ enlargements of the spinal cord.

Nerves serving the lower limb issue from this enlargement of the spinal cord.

These ascending (sensory) tracts are the most lateral ones between the dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal cord.

Ventral roots of spinal nerves are purely or primarily________ .

This nerve of the brachial plexus supplies all the extensor muscles of the upper limb.