Question 1

An advantage of using Staphylococcus aureus cells for coagglutination instead of liposomes is that a colored dye can be incorporated into the Staphylococcus aureus enhancing visualization of the agglutination.

Accepted Answer

Staphylococcus aureus cells are used for coagglutination due to their protein A content, which binds antibodies, not for incorporating colored dyes.

Question 2

Which term below refers to doing testing to prove that the claims in the manufacturer's literature about a test are accurate?

Accepted Answer

Verification refers to the process of testing to ensure that the claims made in the manufacturer's literature about a test are accurate.

Question 3

Adults tend to have a poorer heterophile antibody response in infectious mononucleosis than children.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Adults tend to have a poorer heterophile...

Question 4

Precision refers to how closely a test result comes to the true value.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Precision refers to how closely a test...

Question 5

In order to verify the claims in manufacturer's literature of an FDA- approved procedure, at least ________ specimens should be done that contain the analyte and ________ specimens that do not..

Accepted Answer

The answer of In order to verify the claims in...

Question 6

What does the formula below calculate?

Where true positive results are patients with a disease who test positive and false negatives are patie with a disease who test negative

Accepted Answer

The answer of What does the formula below calculate?

Where...

Question 7

Arboviruses are transmitted by the fecal/oral route and are important causes of gastroenteritis.

Accepted Answer

Arboviruses are transmitted by arthropod vectors, such as mosquitoes and ticks, and are known for causing diseases like dengue fever, Zika virus, and West Nile virus, rather than gastroenteritis.

Question 8

The major serotype of HIV in the United States is HIV- 1.

Accepted Answer

HIV-1 is the most prevalent and pathogenic type of the virus and is the major serotype found in the United States and around the world.

Question 9

Even after syphilis is cured, nontreponemal antibodies may persist for a lifetime, but once the disease is no longer active, specific treponemal antibody titers decrease to undetectable levels.

Accepted Answer

While nontreponemal antibodies may decrease to low or undetectable levels after successful treatment of syphilis, specific treponemal antibodies usually remain detectable for life, indicating a past infection but not necessarily active disease.

Question 10

What laboratory regulation established testing requirements by categorizing laboratory tests as waived, moderately complex, or highly complex?

Accepted Answer

The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment of 1988 (CLIA) established testing requirements by categorizing laboratory tests based on their complexity as waived, moderately complex, or highly complex.

Question 11

The process in which certain chemicals emit light when they are electrically stimulated is________
.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process in which certain chemicals emit...

Question 12

A positive test for hepatitis C antibody can be confirmed by ________or ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A positive test for hepatitis C antibody...

Question 13

A chronic carrier of hepatitis B virus typically fails to develop the ________antibody and the________ antibody.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A chronic carrier of hepatitis B virus...

Question 14

Reactivation of cytomegalovirus infection is particularly problematic in ________ patients.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reactivation of cytomegalovirus infection is particularly problematic...

Question 15

An advantage of using enzyme labeled antibodies instead of fluorochrome labeled antibodies is that the colors are more stable in storage.

Accepted Answer

Enzyme-labeled antibodies produce a colorimetric change that is generally more stable over time compared to the fluorescence emitted by fluorochrome-labeled antibodies, which can degrade or fade.

Question 16

By law, laboratories may not use "home- brew" or non- FDA approved tests.

Accepted Answer

Laboratories in the United States can use "home-brew" tests (Laboratory Developed Tests, LDTs) under certain conditions without FDA approval, as these tests are regulated under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) rather than by the FDA, although the FDA has the authority to regulate them if it chooses to do so.

Question 17

Which of the agents below is particularly problematic in immunocompromised patients and causes both pneumonia and meningitis?

Accepted Answer

Cryptococcus neoformans is known to cause both pneumonia and meningitis, particularly in immunocompromised patients, such as those with HIV/AIDS.

Question 18

Approximately 95% of all clinically significant intestinal parasites in the United States are either

Accepted Answer

The statement is true because approximately 95% of all clinically significant intestinal parasites in the United States are either protozoa or helminths.

Question 19

To increase assay sensitivity, instead of coupling enzyme labels directly to antigens or antibodies, ________ and ________ can be used intermediary molecules because they bind tightly to each other and amplify signal because of multiple binding sites.

Accepted Answer

The answer of To increase assay sensitivity, instead of coupling...

Question 20

It is impossible to be infected with hepatitis D (delta agent)virus without simultaneously being infected with hepatitis B virus.

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) requires the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) to replicate because HDV uses the HBV surface antigen to form its envelope.

Quiz 7: Immunologic Detection of Infectious Diseases