Question 1

Which is an example of a person-situation interaction?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a person-situation interaction because Rosa's aggressive behavior is only present when a certain situation (the presence of images of weapons in the room) occurs. This suggests that her behavior is not solely determined by her personality traits, but is also influenced by the situation she's in. A is an example of a personality trait, not a person-situation interaction. C is an example of a situational variable (pain) that may influence behavior, but it does not involve a person-situation interaction.

Question 2

The social learning theory of aggression states that aggression

Accepted Answer

According to the social learning theory of aggression, aggression is learned through observation and imitation of others. However, it is not simply observing and imitating aggressive behavior that leads to the development of aggression, but rather being rewarded for aggressiveness. Thus, the correct answer is D, as the theory suggests that aggression is learned through reinforcement.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an example of the use of aggression to gain material and/or social rewards?

Accepted Answer

Slapping a boyfriend after a frustrating day is not aggression used to gain material or social rewards. It may be a form of emotional expression or venting, but it is not aimed at gaining any tangible benefits. The other options involve using aggression to gain material (money, drugs) or social (power, control) rewards.

Question 4

In Bandura's famous "Bobo Doll" experiments,children

Accepted Answer

Bandura's "Bobo Doll" experiments demonstrated observational learning, showing that children who observed an adult model acting aggressively towards the Bobo Doll were likely to imitate this aggressive behavior themselves, regardless of whether the model was rewarded or not.

Question 5

Abbey and colleagues (1996)concluded that alcohol intoxication might lead to date rape because of alcohol myopia,which is

Accepted Answer

Alcohol myopia is a cognitive impairment that causes an individual to have a narrow focus on whatever goal seems most important to them at the time, leading them to ignore important cues and information in their environment. This can lead to risky behaviors, such as engaging in sexual activity without fully considering the consequences or the other person's consent.

Question 6

Fourteen-year-old Michael Carneal shot eight of his classmates in Paducah,Kentucky,shortly after watching the movie Basketball Diaries,in which Leonardo DiCaprio committed a similar act of violence.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

The fact that Michael Carneal was influenced by the portrayal of violence in a movie suggests a strong connection to the social learning of violence theory, which posits that individuals can learn and imitate violent behaviors through exposure to media and social environments that promote aggression. The other theories are not particularly applicable to this scenario: catharsis aggression theory suggests that acting on aggressive impulses can be a healthy release of tension, which doesn't fit with Carneal's actions; excitation transfer theory suggests that arousal from one source can be transferred to another, but does not explain the root cause of aggression; and the frustration-aggression hypothesis suggests aggression is caused by unmet goals, which again isn't particularly applicable to Carneal's actions.

Question 7

When children observe modeled violence,which of the following types of learning can occur?

Accepted Answer

When children observe modeled violence, they can learn new techniques of aggression (Option A) and also learn rules about whether aggression is likely to be rewarded (Option B). Therefore, Option D is the best choice. Option C is not a valid option as getting used to punishment is not a type of learning.

Question 8

According to research on the cycle of aggression and frustration,which of the following is an example of the steps leading from aggression to frustration?

Accepted Answer

The steps leading from aggression to frustration include alienation from authorities, rejection or job loss, and ultimately frustration. This is demonstrated in option A. Option B and D do not include the necessary steps leading to frustration, and option C portrays frustration leading to aggression, which is not in line with the cycle of aggression and frustration.

Question 9

Wendy has a Type A personality.According to your book,which of the following job situations is Wendy most likely to choose for herself?

Accepted Answer

Type A personalities are typically highly motivated, competitive, and thrive on stress and high-pressure situations. Being an emergency room physician would provide Wendy with the opportunity to work under extreme stress and pressure, which would be appealing to her personality type. The other job options listed would not provide enough stimulation or challenge for someone with a Type A personality.

Question 10

Sandra goes to a party and drinks too much beer.Sandra is intoxicated when a woman she does not like begins to make rude comments to her.Given Sandra's intoxicated state,what is her reaction likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that alcohol tends to increase aggressive tendencies and decrease inhibitions. Therefore, Sandra is more likely to react aggressively toward the woman making rude comments, especially if she already has negative feelings toward her.

Question 11

Findings of a positive correlation,particularly for boys,between watching aggressive television and acting aggressively toward other children suggest that

Accepted Answer

The positive correlation mentioned in the statement suggests that children who watch violent television are more likely to act aggressively toward other children. This indicates a causal relationship between watching violent television and acting aggressively, making option C the most appropriate answer. Option A suggests the opposite causal relationship, while option B is consistent with the findings mentioned in the statement. Option D is not supported by the evidence presented in the statement, which reports a positive correlation.

Question 12

An individual who is characterized by a lack of empathy for others,a grandiose sense of self-worth,and a lack of sensitivity to punishment is known as a

Accepted Answer

The given traits are commonly associated with psychopathy, which is a personality disorder characterized by a lack of empathy or remorse, egocentricity, and boldness. Frustrated aggressors tend to be individuals who react aggressively due to frustration, while schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder characterized by delusions and hallucinations. A xenophobe is someone who has a fear or dislike of people from other countries or cultures, and this term does not fit the given traits.

Question 13

Which of the following increases aggressive behavior?

Accepted Answer

All three options listed have been linked to an increase in aggressive behavior in various studies and research. Exposure to violent media, whether through films, video games, or pornography, can desensitize individuals to violence and make aggressive behavior seem more acceptable or even desirable.

Question 14

The meta-analysis by Wood et al (1991)examining the effect of watching aggressive films on the behavior of children showed that

Accepted Answer

The meta-analysis by Wood et al. (1991) found evidence supporting all the listed outcomes: control subjects being more aggressive in some studies, higher aggression in subjects exposed to aggressive media, and some studies showing large positive aggression effects. This comprehensive analysis indicates the complex relationship between media exposure and aggression, highlighting variability in effects across different studies.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true about psychopaths and psychopathy?

Accepted Answer

A) Psychopathy is often referred to as antisocial personality disorder or sociopathy, so this statement is true.
B) Psychopaths lack empathy and have a reduced capacity for emotions, including empathy for others’ feelings. Therefore, they are often indifferent to the pain of others, making statement B true.
C) Psychopaths are typically more motivated by personal gain and self-interest than non-psychopaths, making statement C true.
Therefore, all of the given statements are true, and the correct answer is D.

Question 16

Which of the following is an explanation offered in your book for why Al Capone,who many regarded as a kind man,engaged in numerous acts of aggression?

Accepted Answer

The book suggests that Capone engaged in aggression to reap material rewards, such as gaining power and control through criminal activity.

Question 17

Jason grows up watching extremely violent television shows and is always praised by his father for fighting with other children and "standing up for himself." According to social learning theory,how is Jason likely to deal with his frustration later in life?

Accepted Answer

According to social learning theory, individuals learn behaviors through observation and reinforcement. In this case, Jason has learned through the reinforcement of his father's praise and exposure to violent TV shows that aggressive behavior is acceptable and even rewarded. As a result, when Jason experiences frustration later in life, he is likely to respond with aggressive behavior.

Question 18

A researcher wants to know if exercise decreases depression.Dozens of studies that test this relationship have been conducted,so the researcher wants to combine them all to investigate the issue.The best methodology to use in this situation is

Accepted Answer

Meta-analysis is the best methodology to use in this situation as it involves combining the results of multiple studies on the same topic to get an overall estimate of the strength and direction of the relationship between exercise and depression. This approach allows for a more comprehensive analysis of the research on exercise and depression, which can help to identify inconsistencies or contradictions across studies and provide more reliable conclusions. Experience sampling, archival studies, and field experiments are not suitable in this context as they do not involve the systematic review and synthesis of existing research.

Question 19

People with a high sense of ________ tend to find it easy to "put themselves in others' shoes" and thus tend to be less aggressive.

Accepted Answer

Empathy refers to the ability to understand and share the feelings of others. People with high levels of empathy are often able to "put themselves in others' shoes" and thus tend to be less aggressive. Psychopathy and sociopathy are personality disorders characterized by a lack of empathy, while communality refers to a sense of belonging and connectedness to others, but is not directly related to aggression.

Question 20

In the Berkowitz and LePage (1967)study of the weapons effect,in which condition did participants deliver the largest number of shocks to other subjects?

Accepted Answer

In the Berkowitz and LePage (1967) study, participants delivered the largest number of shocks to other subjects when they were annoyed and there were weapons present, indicating the existence of the weapons effect where the mere presence of a weapon can lead to an increase in aggressive behavior.

Quiz 10: Aggression