Question 1

Which of the following is capable of converting solar energy into chemical energy?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts are the organelles in plant cells and some algae that conduct photosynthesis, converting solar energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, a process that involves the synthesis of organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water.

Question 2

A cell from a wheat plant contains all of the following EXCEPT a

Accepted Answer

Wheat plant cells, like other plant cells, contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis, a cytoskeleton for structure and transport, a cell wall for support and protection, and mitochondria for energy production. However, they do not have flagella, which are primarily found in sperm cells of animals, some bacteria, and single-celled organisms for movement.

Question 3

Which of the following is the thinnest?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments are the thinnest components of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells, with a diameter of about 7 nm, compared to the larger diameters of microtubules and intermediate filaments.

Question 4

All of the following are characteristics of mitochondria and chloroplasts EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts share several characteristics, including ATP synthesis, possession of their own DNA, a likely evolutionary origin from prokaryotic bacteria, and being surrounded by a double membrane. However, only chloroplasts, not mitochondria, can capture the energy of sunlight for photosynthesis. Mitochondria are involved in energy production through cellular respiration, not photosynthesis.

Question 5

For the following question(s), select the organelle that is the most appropriate match for each description. Selections may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
-Digests damaged organelles

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes and are responsible for breaking down damaged organelles, waste materials, and foreign invaders in the cell.

Question 6

For the following question(s), select the organelle that is the most appropriate match for each description. Selections may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
-Makes steroid hormones

Accepted Answer

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is involved in the synthesis of lipids, including steroid hormones, detoxification of medications and poisons, and storage of calcium ions.

Question 7

For the following question(s), select the organelle that is the most appropriate match for each description. Selections may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
-Sorts proteins and sends them to their proper destination

Accepted Answer

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 8

Which of the following cell structures is NOT found in a bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

The central vacuole is a large vacuole found inside plant cells and some fungal cells but not in bacterial cells. Bacteria typically have a plasma membrane, cell wall, DNA, and ribosomes as part of their cellular structure.

Question 9

Which pair of organelles is responsible for supplying energy (in the form of ATP) to eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis in plant cells, and mitochondria generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell, through cellular respiration in both plant and animal cells.

Question 10

For the following question(s), select the organelle that is the most appropriate match for each description. Selections may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
-Site of protein synthesis

Accepted Answer

The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is studded with ribosomes, which are the sites of protein synthesis.

Question 11

Which is a difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotes have a nucleoid region where their DNA is located, but they lack a true nucleus. Eukaryotes, on the other hand, have a well-defined nucleus enclosed by a nuclear membrane.

Question 12

Responsible for most of a muscle cell?s ATP generation

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell because they are responsible for generating most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In muscle cells, ATP is crucial for muscle contraction.

Question 13

All of the following cells contain mitochondria EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, do not contain mitochondria. Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles found in the cells of eukaryotic organisms, including animals, plants, and fungi, but not in prokaryotic cells.

Question 14

Which of the following relationships is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplasts are primarily known as the site of photosynthesis in plant cells and some algae, not the chief site of lipid synthesis. Lipid synthesis mainly occurs in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasm.

Question 15

All of the following are dependent on cilia EXCEPT the

Accepted Answer

Sperm of animals rely on flagella for their movement, not cilia. Cilia are hair-like structures that move in a coordinated way to transport substances or cells. In contrast, flagella are longer and usually singular, used by cells like sperm for propulsion.

Question 16

A particular cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a(n)__________ cell.

Accepted Answer

The presence of DNA, ribosomes, a plasma membrane, and mitochondria indicates it is a eukaryotic cell, which could be either a plant or an animal cell. Bacterial cells do not have mitochondria.

Question 17

A plant cell adapted for waste storage would probably contain a large number of

Accepted Answer

Vacuoles are organelles found in plant cells that are often used for the storage of waste products, among other functions. They can occupy a large part of the cell's volume and are key in maintaining cell structure and controlling the movement of molecules between the cytosol and the vacuole.

Question 18

The organelle that extracts energy in food to produce ATP energy is the

Accepted Answer

The mitochondrion is the organelle responsible for extracting energy from nutrients to produce ATP, which is the main energy currency of the cell. This process is known as cellular respiration.

Question 19

Which of the following provides evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotic organisms?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA, which is separate from the nuclear DNA of the cell they reside in. This characteristic is a key piece of evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory, which suggests that these organelles were once free-living prokaryotic organisms that were engulfed by a host cell.

Question 20

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells possess

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, serving as the site of protein synthesis.

Quiz 4: Cell Structure and Function