Janis (1972) used archives to compare several American foreign policy decisions that had unfavourable outcomes. He uncovered a mode of committee thinking in which the desire to reach unanimous agreement was at the expense of rational decision. He called this:

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Janis (1972) introduced the term "groupthink" to describe a process where the desire for consensus in a group leads to poor decision-making outcomes, often at the expense of rational judgment.

Janis (1972) Used Archives to Compare Several American Foreign Policy