Question 1

According to Kleinig (1996), When police methods shock the conscience or offend even hardened sensibilities, they are not abiding by:

Accepted Answer

Kleinig (1996) refers to "seemliness" as the standard that police methods should not shock the conscience or offend sensibilities, indicating that they should be appropriate and not excessive.

Question 2

The Supreme Court has declared that the use of deadly force is permitted only when an officer is confronted with:

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court has ruled that the use of deadly force is only justified when an officer is confronted with a suspect who poses a threat to himself or third person.

Question 3

Officers who are unlikely to learn from their mistakes or change their style of policing and tend to be the subject of a disproportionate number of citizen complaints are known as:

Accepted Answer

The term "rotten apples" is commonly used to describe officers who consistently engage in misconduct and are resistant to change, often leading to numerous complaints.

Question 4

When analyzing the Dirty Harry situation, which of the following is not one of the four conditions faced by a police officer.

Accepted Answer

The condition that the means used to achieve a good end are not normally considered morally wrong is not one of the conditions faced in a Dirty Harry situation. In such scenarios, the means are typically considered morally questionable or wrong, but are used anyway due to the perceived necessity to achieve a morally good outcome.

Question 5

A study by Lawson (2015) of a simplified shooter video game found there was in shooter bias between black and white participants.

Accepted Answer

The study by Lawson (2015) found no significant difference in shooter bias between black and white participants, indicating that both groups exhibited similar levels of bias in the context of the simplified shooter video game.

Question 6

According to Kleinig (1996), shooting a person suspected of committing a misdemeanor violates:

Accepted Answer

Shooting a person suspected of committing a misdemeanor violates the principle of proportionality, as the use of lethal force is excessive compared to the severity of the offense.

Question 7

Individuals who supply information about other people covertly to the authorities are known as:

Accepted Answer

Informants are individuals who provide information to authorities about others, often secretly.

Question 8

The taser was originally developed during the mid- .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The taser was originally developed during the...

Question 9

Which theoretical approach to the cause of police use of excessive force applies the 'rotten apple' theory argument?

Accepted Answer

The 'rotten apple' theory is a psychological approach that attributes police misconduct to individual officers' personal failings rather than systemic issues.

Question 10

Which court case held that tasers constitute an "intermediate, significant level of force that must be justified by a strong government interest that compels the employment of such force"?

Accepted Answer

Bryan v. McPherson held that tasers constitute an "intermediate, significant level of force that must be justified by a strong government interest that compels the employment of such force".

Question 11

In which Supreme Court case did the Court propose an objective test that focused on the nature of the police conduct, as opposed to the predisposition of the offender?

Accepted Answer

The Supreme Court proposed an objective test that focused on the nature of the police conduct, as opposed to the predisposition of the offender in the case of Sherman v. United States.

Question 12

In which U.S. Supreme Court case did the Court determine the "reasonableness" standard must be used in judging excessive, but non-deadly force?

Accepted Answer

Graham v. Connor established the "reasonableness" standard for assessing the use of excessive, but non-deadly force by law enforcement officers under the Fourth Amendment.

Question 13

What is a constitutional and moral right a person possesses in relation to others, particularly with regard to information possessed by others or in relation to the observation of others?

Accepted Answer

Privacy is a constitutional and moral right that relates to the protection of personal information and the observation of individuals by others.

Question 14

According to Clemons (2014), when police speak of their about people who may be suspicious they may be influenced by subconscious associations between race and criminality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Clemons (2014), when police speak...

Question 15

Which theoretical approach to the cause of police use of excessive force regards police culture as a determining factor because police are seen as isolated from citizens?

Accepted Answer

The sociological approach considers police culture and the social environment in which police operate, including their isolation from citizens, as key factors influencing behavior such as the use of excessive force.

Question 16

The tightening of a suspect's handcuffs to punish an arrested person is unethical due to which of the following factors identified by Kleinig (1996) in assessing use of force in ethical terms?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The tightening of a suspect's handcuffs to...

Question 17

Which court case held that an officer uses excessive force when they deploy a taser against a person when their crime is minor and they are not actively resisting, attempting to flee, or posing any imminent danger?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which court case held that an officer...

Question 18

During the 1970s and 80s what emerged to explain the increasing number of persons with mental illness entering the justice system?

Accepted Answer

The criminalization hypothesis emerged during the 1970s and 80s to explain the increasing number of persons with mental illness entering the justice system, suggesting that the criminalization of mental illness occurred as a result of deinstitutionalization and the lack of community mental health resources.

Question 19

In which U.S. Supreme Court case did the Court validate the use of deadly force during a high speed vehicle pursuit where the suspect endangered the lives of police and innocent third parties?

Accepted Answer

In Scott v. Harris (2007), the Supreme Court ruled that a police officer's use of deadly force during a high-speed pursuit did not violate the suspect's Fourth Amendment rights when the officer had probable cause to believe that the suspect posed a threat of serious physical harm to the officer or others. The decision emphasized that the use of force must be evaluated from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene, rather than with the benefit of hindsight.

Question 20

When dealing with targeted entrapment by the police, which of the following conditions is considered to be the most morally problematic?

Accepted Answer

While all of the listed conditions may be morally problematic, the most problematic from a moral standpoint is when the person would not have committed the crime or a similar crime if they were not entrapped by the police. This is because it involves the police actively creating the opportunity for the person to commit a crime, rather than just detecting and preventing a crime that was already going to happen. It raises questions about the ethics of police tactics and the line between law enforcement and entrapment.

Quiz 3: Police Ethics: Use of Force, Investigations, Interrogations, and Lying

According to Kleinig (1996) , When police methods shock the conscience or offend even hardened sensibilities, they are not abiding by: