Question 1

Which of the following terms is used to describe the mutually regulated interactions between parents and infants?

Accepted Answer

Synchronous interactions refer to the coordinated and mutually regulated exchanges between parents and infants, where both parties are responsive to each other's cues and signals.

Question 2

A recent study examined the synchronous relationship between maternal responses and infants. Mothers were separated from their baby, given a task, and as part of the study were selected to receive a positive or negative evaluation. Those with the negative evaluation, experiencing negative emotions, had infants who:

Accepted Answer

Infants often mirror the emotional states of their caregivers, so if mothers experienced negative emotions, it is likely that their infants displayed similar negative emotions, such as increased heart rate.

Question 3

When toddlers hear their parents quarreling, they

Accepted Answer

Toddlers often react with distress when they hear their parents quarreling because they are sensitive to the emotional atmosphere in their home.

Question 4

Evette's little brother has smeared pureed carrots on his face. Evette asked her mother, "Doesn't he know he looks stupid?" While Evette is capable of _____ emotions, her little brother has not yet developed this ability.

Accepted Answer

Self-conscious emotions involve an awareness of oneself in relation to others, which Evette's little brother has not yet developed.

Question 5

Haleigh has learned that when she waves her hands and smiles to show happiness, others around her show happiness, too. This adaptive interaction demonstrates the role of emotions in:

Accepted Answer

Emotions play a crucial role in behavioral organization by influencing social interactions and responses, as seen in Haleigh's ability to elicit happiness in others through her actions.

Question 6

Babies' first forms of emotional communication, particularly with parents, are:

Accepted Answer

Crying and smiling are the primary ways babies communicate emotions with their parents, signaling needs and positive feelings.

Question 7

Especially in infancy, emotions play important roles in:

Accepted Answer

Emotions in infancy are crucial for communication, as they help infants express needs and interact with caregivers.

Question 8

When infants become stressed, they show better biological recovery from the stressors when their caregivers:

Accepted Answer

Sensitive caregiving helps infants regulate their emotions and physiological responses, promoting better recovery from stress.

Question 9

Emotions are influenced by both _____ foundations and by personal experiences.

Accepted Answer

Emotions are influenced by biological foundations, which include genetic and physiological factors, as well as personal experiences that shape emotional responses.

Question 10

_____ are emotions that appear in infants older than six months.

Accepted Answer

Pride, guilt, and embarrassment are self-conscious emotions that typically develop in infants after six months as they require a sense of self and awareness of others' reactions.

Question 11

Makiko feels ashamed when her friend comes over for a play-date and teases her about wearing night-time diapers. This is an example of _____ emotions.

Accepted Answer

Other-conscious emotions are those that involve self-awareness and concern about how others perceive us, such as shame, guilt, or embarrassment. Makiko's feeling of shame due to her friend's teasing is an example of an other-conscious emotion.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about emotions is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Children who are blind from birth exhibit the same facial expressions as sighted children, indicating that these expressions are biologically based and not solely learned through visual observation.

Question 13

Especially in infancy, emotions play important roles in:

Accepted Answer

In infancy, emotions are crucial for behavioral organization as they help infants communicate needs, regulate interactions, and adapt to their environment.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about self-conscious emotions is true?

Accepted Answer

Self-conscious emotions, such as embarrassment, pride, guilt, and shame, require self-awareness and cognitive development, which typically occur after 12 months of age.

Question 15

What is the opinion of experts on infant socioemotional development, such as Jerome Kagan, on the infant's capacity to display emotions like guilt, pride, despair, shame, empathy, and jealousy in the first year?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the opinion of experts on...

Question 16

Feelings that occur when a person is in a state or an interaction that is important to him or her, especially to his or her well-being, are known as:

Accepted Answer

Emotions are feelings that occur when a person is in a state or an interaction that is important to him or her, especially to his or her well-being.

Question 17

Cornell is only a few months old, but he is able to use emotions to show when he's interested in something and when he is afraid. His emotions are filling the necessary role of:

Accepted Answer

Cornell's emotions are serving as a means of communication, allowing him to express interest or fear to others.

Question 18

As parents change their emotional expressions in response to their infants, the infants also modify their emotional expressions in response. These mutually regulated responses are described as:

Accepted Answer

The term "reciprocal or synchronous" describes the mutual and coordinated emotional exchanges between parents and infants, where each responds to the other's emotional cues.

Question 19

Which of the following are "other-conscious" emotions?

Accepted Answer

Other-conscious emotions are those that involve awareness of others' reactions and include emotions like pride, shame, and guilt.

Question 20

In the first six months infants show the emotions of:

Accepted Answer

In the first six months, infants typically show basic emotions such as fear, anger, and joy, which are considered primary emotions. Other emotions like shame, guilt, and jealousy develop later as they require a sense of self and social awareness.

Quiz 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy

Which of the following terms is used to describe the mutually regulated interactions between parents and infants?

When toddlers hear their parents quarreling, they

Evette's little brother has smeared pureed carrots on his face. Evette asked her mother, "Doesn't he know he looks stupid?" While Evette is capable of _____ emotions, her little brother has not yet developed this ability.

Haleigh has learned that when she waves her hands and smiles to show happiness, others around her show happiness, too. This adaptive interaction demonstrates the role of emotions in:

Babies' first forms of emotional communication, particularly with parents, are:

Especially in infancy, emotions play important roles in:

When infants become stressed, they show better biological recovery from the stressors when their caregivers:

Emotions are influenced by both _____ foundations and by personal experiences.

_____ are emotions that appear in infants older than six months.

Makiko feels ashamed when her friend comes over for a play-date and teases her about wearing night-time diapers. This is an example of _____ emotions.

Which of the following statements about emotions is TRUE?

Especially in infancy, emotions play important roles in:

Which of the following statements about self-conscious emotions is true?

What is the opinion of experts on infant socioemotional development, such as Jerome Kagan, on the infant's capacity to display emotions like guilt, pride, despair, shame, empathy, and jealousy in the first year?

Feelings that occur when a person is in a state or an interaction that is important to him or her, especially to his or her well-being, are known as:

Cornell is only a few months old, but he is able to use emotions to show when he's interested in something and when he is afraid. His emotions are filling the necessary role of:

As parents change their emotional expressions in response to their infants, the infants also modify their emotional expressions in response. These mutually regulated responses are described as:

Which of the following are "other-conscious" emotions?

In the first six months infants show the emotions of: