Question 1

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE with regard to the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

The cytoplasm is not responsible for nuclear division during mitosis. This is instead carried out by the nucleus and its associated structures, such as the spindle fibers.

Question 2

In a mature human body, which of the following types of cells do not divide?

Accepted Answer

Nerve cells, also known as neurons, do not divide in a mature human body. Once they are formed during embryonic development, they lose the ability to undergo cell division. Skin cells, bone cells, hair cells, and many other types of cells continue to divide throughout an individual's lifetime.

Question 3

Which of the following is a protein that promotes the growth of new networks of blood vessels that support tumor growth?

Accepted Answer

Tumor angiogenesis factor, also known as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), promotes the growth of new blood vessels in tumors, which provides necessary nutrients and oxygen for the tumor to survive and grow.

Question 4

The multistep process by which cancer develops is referred to as

Accepted Answer

Carcinogenesis refers to the multistep process by which cancer develops, including initiation, promotion, and progression. Neoplasia refers to the abnormal growth of cells, angiogenesis refers to the formation of new blood vessels, cytokinesis refers to the splitting of a cell into two separate cells during cell division, and gametogenesis refers to the formation of gametes (sex cells) during meiosis.

Question 5

Meiosis is the type of cell division used during the formation of

Accepted Answer

Meiosis is the type of cell division used during the formation of sperm cells.

Question 6

The cellular organelle primarily responsible for transforming the chemical energy found in nutrients into ATP is the

Accepted Answer

The mitochondria is the organelle primarily responsible for transforming chemical energy found in nutrients into ATP through the process of cellular respiration. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, lysosomes for breaking down and recycling cellular waste, the Golgi apparatus for modifying and sorting proteins, and the nuclear envelope for enclosing and protecting genetic material.

Question 7

The primary role that integral membrane proteins play in active transport is to

Accepted Answer

Integral membrane proteins bind and transport solute molecules against the concentration gradient in active transport. They act as carriers or pumps, using cellular energy (e.g. ATP) to move solutes from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. This allows cells to maintain concentration gradients and perform essential functions such as nutrient uptake and waste removal.

Question 8

All of the following are associated with mitochondria EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Proteasomes are not typically associated with mitochondria. They are found in the cytoplasm and nucleus and function in protein degradation. The other options are all associated with mitochondria - double membrane refers to the outer and inner membranes, cristae are the folds in the inner membrane, matrix is the space within the inner membrane where enzymes and other molecules are located, and mitochondria have a relatively small number of genes and ribosomes compared to the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Question 9

Jennifer loves perfume. She visits her local discount store regularly. Today she came to class wearing her latest purchase and soon everyone in the entire classroom was familiar with the scent. What concept important to transport processes is being demonstrated here?

Accepted Answer

The concept being demonstrated here is diffusion, as the scent molecules are spreading from Jennifer's body and spreading throughout the entire classroom without any energy being used.

Question 10

Specific DNA sequences at the tips of chromosomes that protect the chromosomes from erosion and sticking together are called

Accepted Answer

Telomeres are sequences of DNA located at the tips of chromosomes that protect the ends of the chromosomes from deterioration or fusion with neighboring chromosomes.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is always true for active transport processes and never true for passive transport processes?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport processes do not require energy in the form of ATP, whereas active transport processes do. The other options (A, C, and D) are not always true for active transport and never true for passive transport.

Question 12

The study of the processes and problems associated with aging is called

Accepted Answer

Gerontology is the study of the processes and problems associated with aging. Elderly psychology is a branch of psychology that specifically focuses on the mental health and well-being of older adults. Oncology is the study of cancer. Pathophysiology is the study of the biological and physical processes that underlie diseases and disorders. Geriatrics is the medical specialty that focuses on the health and care of older adults.

Question 13

A semipermeable membrane, which permits water movement but not ion movement, separates two solutions. Solution A contains 0.9% NaCl and solution B contains 9.0 % NaCl. With respect to this system, which of the following statements would be true?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from a region of lower solute concentration (solution A) to a region of higher solute concentration (solution B) to achieve osmotic balance.

Question 14

The major function of the ribosomes is to

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are responsible for synthesizing proteins by reading the genetic code from the mRNA and linking together specific amino acids to form a polypeptide chain.

Question 15

A chemical agent or radiation that causes cancer is referred to as a/an

Accepted Answer

A carcinogen is a chemical agent or radiation that causes cancer. An oncogene is a mutated gene that can lead to the development of cancer, while a mutant refers to any organism or cell that has undergone a genetic mutation. Neoplasm refers to an abnormal growth of tissue, and biopsy is a medical procedure to obtain a sample of tissue for examination.

Question 16

The type of body fluid found in the microscopic spaces between cells of tissues is called

Accepted Answer

Interstitial fluid is the type of body fluid found in the microscopic spaces between cells of tissues. Intracellular fluid is found within the cells, plasma is the fluid component of blood, lymph is the fluid that circulates through the lymphatic system, and cerebrospinal fluid is found in the brain and spinal cord.

Question 17

Which of the following statements correctly describes the events that occur when a normal red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

When a normal red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, water moves into the cell due to the higher solute concentration inside the cell compared to the surrounding solution. This results in a net movement of water molecules into the cell.

Question 18

An orderly, genetically programmed cell "death" involving activation of "cell-suicide" genes is called

Accepted Answer

The process described in the question is apoptosis, which involves genetically programmed cell "death" through the activation of cell-suicide genes. Anaphase is a stage in mitosis, atrophy refers to the wasting away or decrease in size of an organ or tissue, adenopathy refers to disease of the glandular tissue, and necrosis is a different type of cell death that occurs due to injury or disease.

Question 19

Which of the following types of cells contain microvilli to increase the surface area of their plasma membrane for absorption?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial cells of the small intestine are specialized for absorption and have microvilli on their plasma membrane to increase surface area.

Question 20

To initiate the transcription of a gene, RNA polymerase binds to a _____, which is usually found near the beginning of the gene.

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region, which is usually located near the beginning of a gene. The promoter contains specific nucleotide sequences that signal the start of transcription. The terminator is a sequence that signals the end of transcription, while start and stop codons are involved in translation of the mRNA into protein. The anticodon is a sequence found on tRNA molecules and is involved in decoding the genetic information in mRNA during translation.

Quiz 3: Cells