Question 1

A 3x3 table has no diagonal,diagonals are only possible with even-numbered tables.

Accepted Answer

Diagonals are only possible in even-numbered tables because they require an even number of rows and columns to create a symmetrical shape.

Question 2

The most elementary way to determine the effect of one variable on another is to

Accepted Answer

Crosstabulating the two variables allows for a clear comparison of the relationship between the two variables. This method helps to identify any patterns or trends between the variables and is a common starting point for more advanced statistical analyses. A crosstabulation table with a third variable may provide additional insights, but it is not necessary for the most elementary way to determine the effect of one variable on another. Pie charts and calculating the number of occurrences of one variable in one value of another are not effective methods for identifying relationships between variables.

Question 3

You should always remember to calculate percentages on the categories of the dependent variable

Accepted Answer

Percentages should be calculated based on the context and the specific analysis being conducted, not always on the dependent variable categories.

Question 4

A diagonal line in the table will not reflect a relationship when

Accepted Answer

A diagonal line in a table usually reflects a relationship between two variables, but when the variable is at the nominal level and there are more than two independent variable categories, it does not reflect a relationship. This is because the diagonal line reflects comparisons between the same category on both the independent and dependent variables, which is not meaningful when there are more than two categories on the independent variable. Percentaging the table, having more than 2 values for an independent variable or dependent variable do not affect the presence or absence of a diagonal line.

Question 5

Crosstabulations are an elementary way of creating frequency distribution tables.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Crosstabulations are an elementary way of creating...

Question 6

Crosstabulations present the combined distributions of one or more values.

Accepted Answer

Crosstabulations present the combined distributions of two or more categorical variables, not values.

Question 7

What is the smallest possible crosstabulation table?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the smallest possible crosstabulation table?
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Question 8

A "non-square" crosstabulation table is one in which

Accepted Answer

In a "non-square" crosstabulation table, there are unequal numbers of values in the two variables. This means that the rows and columns of the table are not of equal length, which can result in some cells being empty or having very small counts.

Question 9

If a table has a different number of cases for each category of the independent variable

Accepted Answer

When there is a different number of cases for each category of the independent variable, it can create a problem in interpretation when only raw numbers are used in the cells. Raw numbers may not accurately reflect the proportion of cases in each category and can lead to misleading conclusions. It is important to use percentages or proportions to accurately interpret the data.

Question 10

Crosstabulations work best for variables with a few categories.

Accepted Answer

Crosstabulations are most effective when analyzing relationships between categorical variables with a limited number of categories, as they allow for clear and concise representation of data in a matrix format.

Question 11

Which of the following would be most helpful in finding a possible relationship in a table?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following would be most...

Question 12

In the textbook example of race and police/courts leniency with criminals,we found that white respondents were more likely to think that police/courts were too hard when compared to respondents of other races.

Accepted Answer

The textbook example states that white respondents were more likely to think that the police/courts were too lenient with criminals compared to respondents of other races.

Question 13

When calculating percentages for cells,you should

Accepted Answer

When calculating percentages, you typically calculate across the independent variable to see how the dependent variable is distributed across different categories of the independent variable.

Question 14

When percentages in a table are calculated the wrong way,the results essentially reflect the number of cases in the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

When percentages are calculated incorrectly in a table, the results will reflect the number of cases in the dependent variable because the percentages will be based on the total number of cases in the dependent variable, rather than on the total number of cases in the table.

Question 15

Relationships are normally found on the diagonals of a table.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. In a table or matrix representing two categories or variables, the diagonal represents the relationship between the elements in the same category or variable. For example, in a table comparing the age and gender of a group of people, the diagonal would represent the relationship between people of the same age and gender.

Question 16

A rule of thumb is that the direction of calculating percentages can be changed from row to column when you are presenting multiple tables but single tables should always be percentaged across the rows.

Accepted Answer

The direction of calculating percentages (row or column) depends on the context and what you want to emphasize, not on the number of tables.

Question 17

The best variables to use in crosstabulation tables are those measured at the interval level.

Accepted Answer

While interval level variables are useful in statistical analysis, they are not necessarily the best variables to use in crosstabulation tables. Crosstabulation tables are most effective when used with nominal or ordinal level variables, as they allow for clear and concise comparisons between categories. When interval level variables are used, it can be difficult to categorize the data and the resulting table may not provide meaningful information.

Question 18

Which of the following might make a table difficult to interpret?

Accepted Answer

A table with variables with a large number of values can be difficult to comprehend. A "non-square" table can also make it hard to read since it does not follow a uniform structure. Lastly, a table without percentages, just raw numbers in the cells, can be hard to interpret since it does not provide the overall picture or trends in the data.

Question 19

When a table has more than four cells

Accepted Answer

As the number of cells in a table increases, it can become more difficult to interpret because there is more data to sort through and analyze.

Question 20

What are table marginals?

Accepted Answer

Table marginals are the summed numbers of the cells in each row and column. So, option D is the best choice. Option A is incorrect as table marginals only contain the sum of each row and column, not the total of all cells. Option B is incorrect as table marginals are not related to the lines in a table. Option C is incorrect as table marginals are not calculated by finding the difference between the row and column cells.

Quiz 8: Elementary Relationships: Crosstabulation Tables