procurement, Total Cost of Ownership includes all of the following except:

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Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) includes all of the listed items, including field failures of purchased items, consideration of the impact of supplier quantity discounts, and cost of order placement. TCO is a comprehensive approach to evaluating the cost of acquiring and owning goods or services over their entire life cycle, from acquisition through disposal or replacement. It takes into account not just the initial purchase price but also ongoing costs such as maintenance, repair, and replacement.

Procurement, Total Cost of Ownership Includes All of the Following