Question 1

A difference between a PhD degree and a PsyDdegree is

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychologists are more likely to have a PsyD degree as it is a professional degree focused on practical training and clinical work, whereas a PhD degree is research-focused and often pursued by those interested in academic and research positions.

Question 2

Which of these is NOT a typical activity for industrial-organizational psychologists?

Accepted Answer

Counseling employees who have emotional disorders is not typically a responsibility of industrial-organizational psychologists, as this falls under the domain of clinical psychology. The other activities listed are all within the scope of their work.

Question 3

Which of the following research questions is most directly related to the nature-nurture issue?

Accepted Answer

The question directly addresses whether behavior (a product of nurture) is influenced by genes (a product of nature).

Question 4

The nature-nurture issue can best be defined as the study of

Accepted Answer

The nature-nurture issue is concerned with understanding how differences in behavior relate to differences in heredity (nature) and environment (nurture). The other options (A, B, and D) are not specifically related to this issue.

Question 5

Which of the following would be the best example of the ergonomic principle of compatibility?

Accepted Answer

The ergonomic principle of compatibility states that controls and displays should be designed to be compatible with the user's expectations and prior knowledge. In this example, the knob turning clockwise to move the machine to the right and counterclockwise to move it to the left is compatible with the user's prior knowledge of how objects move in space. Option A is unrelated, Option B is an example of synergistic effects of drugs, and Option D is an example of transfer of learning.

Question 6

If you ran a large corporation and you wanted to hire a psychologist to help ensure that you hired people who were well-suited for the jobs you have,you would be best advised to hire a/an __________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Industrial/organizational psychologists specialize in applying psychological principles and theories to the workplace, including the hiring process. They can help with job analysis, employee selection and placement, performance evaluation, and training and development.

Question 7

The nature-nurture issue is the question of the relationship between

Accepted Answer

The nature-nurture issue focuses on whether an individual's traits and characteristics are determined primarily by their biology and genetics (nature) or by their environment and experiences (nurture). It is a debate about the relative influence of nature and nurture on an individual's development.

Question 8

One thing that a psychiatrist does that a clinical psychologist is not allowed to do in most states is

Accepted Answer

In most states, only a licensed psychiatrist has the authority to prescribe medication for mental health disorders, whereas clinical psychologists are not allowed to prescribe medication.

Question 9

The primary concern in the field of ergonomics is to

Accepted Answer

Ergonomics primarily focuses on improving the design of machines and equipment so that they can be used more effectively and efficiently by people. It involves studying how people interact with machines, identifying the problems they encounter, and finding ways to design better systems that reduce the risk of injury, improve productivity, and enhance overall job satisfaction. The other options listed are not the primary concerns of ergonomics.

Question 10

The field of ergonomics is also known as:

Accepted Answer

The field of ergonomics is commonly known as human factors, which refers to the study of how humans interact with systems, products, and environments. Industrial-organizational psychology is a separate field that focuses on workplace behavior and organizational structures. School psychology focuses on the mental health and educational needs of students. Artificial intelligence is a separate field related to the development of intelligent machines and software.

Question 11

Ergonomics is the field within psychology that concentrates largely on

Accepted Answer

Ergonomics is the study of designing equipment and devices that fit and work well with the human body. It focuses on creating products and environments that are comfortable, efficient, and safe for people to use.

Question 12

The field of psychology known as ergonomics or human factors concentrates on

Accepted Answer

Ergonomics or human factors is concerned with designing tools and machines that are user-friendly, easy to operate, and intuitive. This field focuses on how people interact with technology and how equipment can be improved to better fit human capabilities and limitations. This includes creating clear and understandable instructions, minimizing physical strain and discomfort, and designing interfaces that are safe, efficient, and effective.

Question 13

One of the main activities of an industrial/organizational psychologist is to

Accepted Answer

One of the primary roles of an industrial/organizational psychologist is to provide expertise and advice to organizations on how to effectively select, train, and manage their employees. This includes advising on selection processes, job analysis, performance management, and other related areas. While some industrial/organizational psychologists may engage in counseling or conflict resolution on occasion, these activities are not typically the main focus of their work.

Question 14

__________ provide advice and consultation to police,lawyers,and courts.

Accepted Answer

Forensic psychologists specialize in providing expert advice and consultation in legal and criminal proceedings. They apply psychological principles and research to issues related to the legal system, such as criminal behavior, mental health evaluations, and legal decision-making. Counseling psychologists focus on helping individuals cope with personal, social, and emotional problems, while developmental psychologists study human growth and development over the lifespan. Psychiatrists are medical doctors who specialize in treating mental illness and can prescribe medications.

Question 15

What kind of psychologist should you hire if you run a company and want to find ways to increase the levels of productivity and satisfaction among your employees?

Accepted Answer

Industrial/organizational psychologists specialize in understanding the behavior of people in the workplace and developing strategies to improve productivity, job satisfaction and overall work performance.

Question 16

Brain researchers would probably be most comfortable with which of the following statements?

Accepted Answer

Brain researchers generally agree that brain activity and mental activity are closely related, with mental processes being seen as emergent properties of physical brain activity. This perspective is rooted in the field of neuroscience, which studies how the physical structure and function of the brain give rise to mental processes and behavior.

Question 17

The nature-nurture issue is the question of how the development of behavior depends on

Accepted Answer

The nature-nurture issue seeks to understand how the development of behavior is influenced by both genetic factors (nature) and environmental factors (nurture). Therefore, choice A is the most accurate option. Option B is incorrect because it suggests that behavior is solely determined by one's inner will and external factors, ignoring the impact of genetics. Option C is also incorrect because physical and social environments are both considered environmental factors that contribute to behavior development, not mutually exclusive categories. Option D is irrelevant to the nature-nurture issue as it pertains to physical health rather than behavior development.

Question 18

Dr.Domuch is a psychologist who helps a company train people for jobs,select good employees,and organize the workplace to maximize workers' productivity and satisfaction level.Dr.Domuch is probably a/an __________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Domuch is most likely an industrial/organizational psychologist based on the services he provides to the company. Clinical psychologists typically diagnose and treat mental health issues, cognitive psychologists study mental processes such as perception and memory, and developmental psychologists focus on human growth and development.

Question 19

Industrial/Organizational psychologists observe and study

Accepted Answer

Industrial/Organizational psychologists focus on studying behavior within organizational and work settings. Therefore, their observations and studies center around people in a work environment. A, C, and D may be studied by other branches of psychology, but not necessarily by industrial/organizational psychologists.

Question 20

If you become skillful at basketball because your friends encourage you to play and you have practiced a lot,your behavior is influenced primarily by __________.If you are good at basketball mainly because you are very tall,as have been all of the members of your family for generations,your behavior is influenced primarily by __________.

Accepted Answer

The first scenario, where the individual becomes skillful at basketball due to practicing with friends, suggests that the behavior is influenced primarily by nurture, or environmental factors. The second scenario, where the individual is good at basketball mainly due to being tall, suggests that the behavior is influenced primarily by nature, or genetic factors. Therefore, the best choice is B (nurture for the first scenario, nature for the second scenario).

Quiz 1: What Is Psychology