In What Sense Did Race Relations in the Northern and Western

In what sense did race relations in the northern and western United States after the Civil War parallel race relations across much of Latin America?

A) In both places, race relations were largely positive.
B) In both places, marriage across racial lines was rare.
C) In both places, racial discrimination was primarily informal.
D) In both places, "Jim Crow" systems of segregation were in place.