In order to establish causality, participants in all conditions should be

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

In order to establish causality, it is important for the participants in all conditions to be equivalent. This means that they should have similar characteristics and demographics, except for the variable being manipulated. Participants being counterbalanced or undergraduate students are not necessary for establishing causality. Manipulation is important, but it alone does not guarantee causality.

In Order to Establish Causality, Participants in All Conditions Should