Question 1

A decision-making procedure which has proven to be more precise than psychological testing is

Accepted Answer

None of the options listed (cognitive mapping, aptitude assessment, situation testing) are recognized as being more precise than psychological testing in decision-making contexts. Psychological testing encompasses a broad range of assessments, including those for cognitive abilities, aptitudes, and situational responses, making it a comprehensive tool for decision-making.

Question 2

When taking tests such as the Scholastic Assessment Tests or the Graduate Record Examinations, the test administrator reads the test instructions to the examinees. This procedure helps to ensure

Accepted Answer

Reading the test instructions to all examinees helps to ensure standardization of the testing process, meaning that all examinees receive the same information presented in the same way. This helps to ensure fairness and accuracy in the testing process. Randomization refers to the process of randomly assigning participants to different groups or conditions in a research study, while unification and similarity are not relevant terms in this context.

Question 3

Tests that assess what a person can do are

Accepted Answer

Behavior observations and self-reports can provide information about what a person may be inclined to do or say, but performance tests directly measure a person's ability to carry out specific tasks or skills, making them the most accurate choice for assessing what a person can do.

Question 4

Testing is widely used for

Accepted Answer

Testing is widely used for college admissions decisions, military classification of recruits, and industrial placement of employees. Therefore, the best choice is D.

Question 5

Psychological testing is

Accepted Answer

Psychological testing is important as it helps in understanding an individual's traits, abilities, and personality. However, it is also controversial as there are concerns regarding the accuracy and reliability of the tests, as well as potential misuse or misinterpretation of the results. Additionally, psychological testing is a technical process that requires specialized knowledge and training to be conducted effectively. Hence, all of the above options are correct in describing psychological testing.

Question 6

If ten teachers score a test and all of the teachers obtain the exact same score for that test, it is most likely that the test is

Accepted Answer

If all ten teachers obtain the exact same score for a test, it is most likely that the test is objective. Objective tests score answers based on predetermined criteria that are not subject to personal interpretation or bias, which would explain why all the teachers got the same score. Subjective tests allow for interpretation, personal or cultural bias, or judgment. A combination of both objective and subjective elements would make it less likely for all ten teachers to obtain the exact same score. Judgmental tests involve the teacher's personal opinion, and it is unlikely that all ten teachers would share the same opinion for every answer on the test.

Question 7

Assessment of typical performance in a specific context is done via

Accepted Answer

Behavioral observation allows for direct observation of an individual's behavior in a specific context, providing a more accurate assessment of typical performance compared to self-reports or performance tests. Behavior sampling can also be a useful tool for observing behavior in a specific context, but it involves taking a sample of behavior over a defined period of time rather than observing behavior in real-time.

Question 8

Some properties that psychological tests must exhibit are

Accepted Answer

Psychological tests must exhibit scoring rules, behavior sampling, and standardized conditions. Scoring rules ensure consistency in how responses are evaluated and assigned scores. Behavior sampling refers to the selection of test items that effectively assess the construct being measured. Standardized conditions refer to the consistent administration of the tests to all participants, under the same conditions, to ensure fairness and accuracy of results. Random administration conditions and passive response are not necessary properties for psychological tests.

Question 9

A survey measuring individual attitudes toward baseball is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A survey measuring attitudes is typically a self-report inventory, where individuals report their own attitudes through a questionnaire or survey. Performance tests, interviews, and behavioral observations are different types of assessments that would be used to measure different constructs or information.

Question 10

___________ provided the impetus for the first large-scale group test development and administration in the United States.

Accepted Answer

The impetus for the first large-scale group test development and administration in the United States was provided by World War I. The military needed a way to quickly and efficiently sort through large numbers of recruits and determine their aptitudes and abilities. This led to the development of the Army Alpha and Army Beta tests, which were administered to millions of soldiers during the war.

Question 11

Psychological tests are used mainly in

Accepted Answer

Psychological tests are used in various fields including industrial, educational, and clinical applications to assess different psychological attributes and aid in decision-making processes.

Question 12

Clinical and employment interviews can be thought of as

Accepted Answer

The answer of Clinical and employment interviews can be thought...

Question 13

Tests of general intelligence designed to assist in the assessment of mentally retarded students were developed by

Accepted Answer

The tests of general intelligence specifically designed for mentally retarded students were developed by Simon and Binet, as they were the ones who designed the first intelligence test for children in general. Galton and Pearson focused on measuring physical characteristics and individual differences, while Binet and Guilford developed different types of intelligence tests, but not specifically for mentally retarded students. Simon and Simon were not involved in the development of intelligence tests for mentally retarded students.

Question 14

Psychological tests are important because

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychological tests are important because
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Question 15

Subjective scoring rules imply that

Accepted Answer

Subjective scoring rules involve human judgment in the scoring process, making it integral to determining the score.

Question 16

Tests are often developed due to

Accepted Answer

Tests are often developed to fulfill a need to make decisions, such as determining the efficacy of a new medication or evaluating students' knowledge in a specific subject area. War demands or public outcry may lead to a need for testing, but they are not the primary reason tests are developed. The greed of developers is not a legitimate reason for test development.

Question 17

The _________ details tests in order to help the consumer select an appropriate test.

Accepted Answer

The Mental Measurements Yearbook reviews and provides information on tests, making it a resource for selecting appropriate tests.

Question 18

Standardized conditions may be more difficult to obtain for

Accepted Answer

Standardized conditions are more difficult to obtain for individual tests because they require a consistent testing environment and procedure for each test-taker, which can be challenging to maintain across different sessions and locations. Group tests, on the other hand, allow for the simultaneous testing of multiple individuals under the same conditions, making standardization easier to achieve. Employment and written tests can be either individual or group tests, so the difficulty in standardizing conditions does not specifically pertain to these types of tests.

Question 19

A test measuring spatial aptitude would most appropriately be classified a(n)

Accepted Answer

A test measuring spatial aptitude would assess a person's ability to mentally manipulate visual images and perceive spatial relationships. This is a type of performance test, which measures specific abilities and skills rather than general intelligence or attitudes. Standardized tests can be either general or specific, so it is not the best classification for this type of test. Attitude tests measure a person's beliefs and attitudes towards certain topics or concepts, and would not be appropriate for measuring spatial aptitude.

Question 20

A sample of behavior should be

Accepted Answer

A sample of behavior should be reasonably extensive, meaning it should cover a sufficient amount of time or instances. It should also be systematic, meaning it should be collected in a consistent and planned manner. Exhaustive sampling, which involves collecting data on every possible instance, is not practical or necessary in most cases. Therefore, the best choice would be both a and b.

Quiz 1: Tests and Measurements