According to research by psychologist William Perry, students entering Harvard University tended to have a view of the world where they reasoned that something was good or bad, people were good or bad, and others were either for them or against them.He called this

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William Perry's research identified this type of thinking as dualistic thinking, where individuals see the world in black and white terms and view situations/people as either good or bad. This is not reflective of postformal thought or dialectical thinking, which involve more complex and nuanced considerations of multiple perspectives and ambiguities. While formal operational thought is a prerequisite for dualistic thinking, it is not the same thing.

According to Research by Psychologist William Perry, Students Entering Harvard