Lighting-One is a national firm that allows its independent members, retailers of lighting fixtures, to concentrate their buying power and to plan collaborative promotional and pricing activities. Lighting-One could best be described as a(n):

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Lighting-One is a contractual system, which allows independent members to collaborate on buying and promotional activities while still maintaining their independent status. A vertically integrated chain would involve a single company controlling all aspects of the supply chain. A franchised operation would involve a parent company granting the right to independent operators to use their brand and business model. An administered system would involve a central organization controlling the activities of all members.

Lighting-One Is a National Firm That Allows Its Independent Members