Question 1

For an F distribution with 3 degrees of freedom between and 32 degrees of freedom within, how many groups are being compared and how many participants are in each group, assuming equal numbers of participants per group?

Accepted Answer

The answer of For an F distribution with 3 degrees...

Question 2

Bernard thinks some college students spend more money during the semester than others, and that this difference is related to the students' majors.He wants to compare the total amount of money spent at the end of one semester by American college students who major in psychology to that spent by history or physics majors.What is the second step Bernard should follow for testing his hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The second step in hypothesis testing is to state the null and research hypotheses. The null hypothesis should state that there is no difference in spending among the majors, while the research hypothesis should state that there is a difference.

Question 3

Which statement is NOT an assumption of an ANOVA?

Accepted Answer

ANOVA does not require knowledge about the population mean and standard deviation, but rather relies on the sample means and variances. Therefore, option B is not an assumption of ANOVA. The other options (A, C, and D) are assumptions of ANOVA.

Question 4

After a researcher _____ the null hypothesis, the researcher should conduct a(n) _____ to determine which means are statistically significantly different from each other.

Accepted Answer

If the null hypothesis is rejected, it means that there is evidence of a difference between the groups being compared. In this case, a post hoc test should be conducted to determine which means are statistically significantly different from each other.

Question 5

Tilbe wants to compare young children's verbal test scores across three experimental conditions (different levels of instruction from low to high) and one control group (no instruction).What type of test should she use?

Accepted Answer

ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) is used to compare means of two or more groups. In this case, Tilbe is comparing the means of four groups (three experimental conditions and one control group). Therefore, ANOVA is the appropriate test for this comparison.

Question 6

In the Tukey test, HSD stands for highly significant differences.

Accepted Answer

HSD stands for Honestly Significant Difference, not Highly Significant Differences.

Question 7

R² is a post hoc test that tells us which means are different.

Accepted Answer

R² does not refer to a recognized post hoc test or statistical method for comparing means. Post hoc tests typically have names like Tukey's, Bonferroni, or Scheffé.

Question 8

Clara works for an advertising firm and needs to understand how an individual's levels of experience with cooking (novice, intermediate, or expert) affect how he or she will rate a new group of cookware advertisements.What type of design would be best for Clara to use?

Accepted Answer

A one-way between-groups ANOVA would be most appropriate in this situation as it can compare the means of three or more groups (novice, intermediate, and expert cooks) to determine if there is a significant difference in how they rate the cookware advertisements. This design would allow Clara to analyze the data by grouping individuals based on their level of experience with cooking and compare their ratings of the advertisements.

Question 9

A researcher compares bone density in retired professional athletes across three different sports.He computes a series of three t tests to examine all between-group differences, running each test with a p level of 0.01.What is the probability of a Type I error when making these comparisons?

Accepted Answer

When conducting multiple t-tests, the probability of a Type I error increases with each test. The probability of at least one Type I error across three tests is calculated as 1 - (1 - 0.01)^3 = 0.0297, approximately 0.03 or a 3 percent chance.

Question 10

Ana is comparing spatial ability scores for four groups.She finds that the F statistic for her test is 4.01, and the cutoff value she identified prior to her analysis was 3.45.Should Ana reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis and what, if any, other steps does she need to take?

Accepted Answer

Ana's F statistic is higher than the cutoff value, indicating that there is a statistically significant difference between the groups. Therefore, she should reject the null hypothesis. After finding a significant F statistic, it's necessary to conduct post hoc tests to identify where the differences between groups lie.

Question 11

Which distribution allows various types of statistical analyses to be made and is the most complex?

Accepted Answer

The F distribution allows for various types of statistical analyses to be made, such as ANOVA and regression, and is considered the most complex due to its shape and properties.

Question 12

A researcher compares depression levels of people residing in five different climate regions.She collects data from 15 randomly selected people in each region.If she compares her groups using a between-groups, one-way ANOVA at a p level of 0.05, the critical value for her F statistic would be:

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher compares depression levels of people...

Question 13

Post hoc tests are frequently carried out before the null hypothesis has been rejected in an ANOVA.

Accepted Answer

Post hoc tests are typically performed after the null hypothesis has been rejected in an ANOVA to determine which specific groups differ from each other.

Question 14

The Bonferroni is a less conservative post hoc test than is the Tukey HSD.

Accepted Answer

The Bonferroni is actually more conservative than the Tukey HSD because it controls the family-wise error rate (FWER) at a stricter level by dividing the alpha level by the number of comparisons being made. The Tukey HSD, on the other hand, controls the FWER at a less strict level by using a critical value based on the range of the means.

Question 15

Post hoc tests are frequently carried out after the null hypothesis has been rejected in an ANOVA.

Accepted Answer

Post hoc tests are often carried out after an ANOVA to determine which specific group means differ significantly from each other. This is done after rejecting the null hypothesis that all group means are equal.

Question 16

A researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis after using an F table to determine the significance value.What can be concluded?

Accepted Answer

When a researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis, it means the data did not provide sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a significant difference between the means being compared. Therefore, the conclusion is that there is no evidence of a difference between the means.

Question 17

When researchers use ANOVAs to report results of case studies that include only one participant, they typically violate the assumption of random selection.How does this action affect the conclusions of the study?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When researchers use ANOVAs to report results...

Question 18

A researcher rejects the null hypothesis after using an F table to determine the significance value.What can be concluded?

Accepted Answer

Rejecting the null hypothesis after determining a significant F value means that there is a difference between means that is larger than what we would expect by chance.

Question 19

The Bonferroni is a more conservative post hoc test than is the Tukey HSD.

Accepted Answer

The Bonferroni correction adjusts the significance level for each comparison made in a post hoc test to maintain an overall error rate, thus making it more conservative than the Tukey HSD test.

Question 20

For the three statistics F, z, and t, divide _____ variability by _____ variability to analyze the relation between variables.

Accepted Answer

F, z, and t statistics are used to analyze the relationship between variables by dividing between-groups variability by within-groups variability. Therefore, choice C (between-groups variability by within-groups variability) is the correct choice.

Quiz 12: One-Way Between-Groups Anova

For an F distribution with 3 degrees of freedom between and 32 degrees of freedom within, how many groups are being compared and how many participants are in each group, assuming equal numbers of participants per group?

Which statement is NOT an assumption of an ANOVA?

After a researcher _ the null hypothesis, the researcher should conduct a(n) _ to determine which means are statistically significantly different from each other.

Tilbe wants to compare young children's verbal test scores across three experimental conditions (different levels of instruction from low to high) and one control group (no instruction) .What type of test should she use?

In the Tukey test, HSD stands for highly significant differences.

R² is a post hoc test that tells us which means are different.

Clara works for an advertising firm and needs to understand how an individual's levels of experience with cooking (novice, intermediate, or expert) affect how he or she will rate a new group of cookware advertisements.What type of design would be best for Clara to use?

A researcher compares bone density in retired professional athletes across three different sports.He computes a series of three t tests to examine all between-group differences, running each test with a p level of 0.01.What is the probability of a Type I error when making these comparisons?

Ana is comparing spatial ability scores for four groups.She finds that the F statistic for her test is 4.01, and the cutoff value she identified prior to her analysis was 3.45.Should Ana reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis and what, if any, other steps does she need to take?

Which distribution allows various types of statistical analyses to be made and is the most complex?

A researcher compares depression levels of people residing in five different climate regions.She collects data from 15 randomly selected people in each region.If she compares her groups using a between-groups, one-way ANOVA at a p level of 0.05, the critical value for her F statistic would be:

Post hoc tests are frequently carried out before the null hypothesis has been rejected in an ANOVA.

The Bonferroni is a less conservative post hoc test than is the Tukey HSD.

Post hoc tests are frequently carried out after the null hypothesis has been rejected in an ANOVA.

A researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis after using an F table to determine the significance value.What can be concluded?

When researchers use ANOVAs to report results of case studies that include only one participant, they typically violate the assumption of random selection.How does this action affect the conclusions of the study?

A researcher rejects the null hypothesis after using an F table to determine the significance value.What can be concluded?

The Bonferroni is a more conservative post hoc test than is the Tukey HSD.

For the three statistics F, z, and t, divide _ variability by _ variability to analyze the relation between variables.

Quiz 12: One-Way Between-Groups Anova

For an F distribution with 3 degrees of freedom between and 32 degrees of freedom within, how many groups are being compared and how many participants are in each group, assuming equal numbers of participants per group?

Which statement is NOT an assumption of an ANOVA?

After a researcher _____ the null hypothesis, the researcher should conduct a(n) _____ to determine which means are statistically significantly different from each other.

Tilbe wants to compare young children's verbal test scores across three experimental conditions (different levels of instruction from low to high) and one control group (no instruction) .What type of test should she use?

In the Tukey test, HSD stands for highly significant differences.

R2 is a post hoc test that tells us which means are different.

Clara works for an advertising firm and needs to understand how an individual's levels of experience with cooking (novice, intermediate, or expert) affect how he or she will rate a new group of cookware advertisements.What type of design would be best for Clara to use?

A researcher compares bone density in retired professional athletes across three different sports.He computes a series of three t tests to examine all between-group differences, running each test with a p level of 0.01.What is the probability of a Type I error when making these comparisons?

Ana is comparing spatial ability scores for four groups.She finds that the F statistic for her test is 4.01, and the cutoff value she identified prior to her analysis was 3.45.Should Ana reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis and what, if any, other steps does she need to take?

Which distribution allows various types of statistical analyses to be made and is the most complex?

A researcher compares depression levels of people residing in five different climate regions.She collects data from 15 randomly selected people in each region.If she compares her groups using a between-groups, one-way ANOVA at a p level of 0.05, the critical value for her F statistic would be:

Post hoc tests are frequently carried out before the null hypothesis has been rejected in an ANOVA.

The Bonferroni is a less conservative post hoc test than is the Tukey HSD.

Post hoc tests are frequently carried out after the null hypothesis has been rejected in an ANOVA.

A researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis after using an F table to determine the significance value.What can be concluded?

When researchers use ANOVAs to report results of case studies that include only one participant, they typically violate the assumption of random selection.How does this action affect the conclusions of the study?

A researcher rejects the null hypothesis after using an F table to determine the significance value.What can be concluded?

The Bonferroni is a more conservative post hoc test than is the Tukey HSD.

For the three statistics F, z, and t, divide _____ variability by _____ variability to analyze the relation between variables.

After a researcher _ the null hypothesis, the researcher should conduct a(n) _ to determine which means are statistically significantly different from each other.

R² is a post hoc test that tells us which means are different.

For the three statistics F, z, and t, divide _ variability by _ variability to analyze the relation between variables.