Question 1

A histogram is

Accepted Answer

A histogram is a graph that represents the distribution of a dataset. It is used to show the frequency or relative frequency of values in a set of continuous data. The horizontal axis represents the range of values, while the vertical axis represents the frequency. Each bar in the histogram represents a range of values, and the height of the bar corresponds to the number of observations that fall within that range. It is different from a pie chart, which is used to display the relative proportions of different categories.

Question 2

A histogram is said to be skewed to the left if it has a

Accepted Answer

A histogram is skewed to the left if it has a longer tail to the left, which means that there are more data points on the right side of the histogram and fewer on the left side.

Question 3

A set of visual displays that organizes and presents information that is used to monitor the performance of a company or organization in a manner that is easy to read, understand, and interpret.

Accepted Answer

A data dashboard is a tool used to monitor the performance of a company or organization. It presents data in a visual display that is easy to read, understand, and interpret.

Question 4

The reversal of conclusions based on aggregate and unaggregated data is called

Accepted Answer

The reversal of conclusions based on aggregate and unaggregated data is known as Simpson's paradox. This occurs when a trend appears in different groups of data, but disappears or reverses when the groups are combined.

Question 5

A line that provides an approximation of the relationship between two variables is known as the

Accepted Answer

The line that provides an approximation of the relationship between two variables is commonly known as the trend line. The trend line is typically used in statistics to give an overview of how the data is behaving over time or in response to another variable. The trend line is a line that fits the data points on a scatter plot as closely as possible, and it can be used to predict values for the dependent variable based on the value of the independent variable.

Question 6

In a cumulative percent frequency distribution, the last class will have a cumulative percent frequency equal to

Accepted Answer

The cumulative percent frequency represents the percentage or proportion of the total data set that falls at or below a certain point in the distribution. Since the last class in the cumulative frequency distribution includes all of the elements in the data set, its cumulative percentage frequency will equal 100%. Therefore, the correct answer is B) 100.

Question 7

Which of the following graphical methods shows the relationship between two variables?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following graphical methods shows...

Question 8

The can be used to show the rank order and shape of a data set simultaneously.

Accepted Answer

A stem-and-leaf display is used to show the rank order and shape of a data set simultaneously. The digits on the left of the vertical line represent the stem, while the digits on the right of the vertical line represent the leaves. The stems are listed in ascending order, and the leaves are listed in order within each stem. This allows for easy visualization of the data and identification of any outliers or patterns in the distribution. Ogives can also be used for this purpose, but they show cumulative frequencies rather than individual data points. Pie charts and bar charts are more appropriate for displaying categorical data.

Question 9

In a cumulative relative frequency distribution, the last class will have a cumulative relative frequency equal to

Accepted Answer

The cumulative relative frequency of the last class will be equal to one as it represents the cumulative frequency of all the elements in the data set.

Question 10

Which of the following is a graphical summary of a set of data in which each data value is represented by a dot above the axis?

Accepted Answer

A dot plot shows each data value as a dot above the axis, making it a simple and clear way to display data distribution. Histograms use bars to represent the frequency or count of data values in each interval or bin, while box plots show the distribution of data using quartiles and outliers. Crosstabulation is a way to organize data in a table format to compare the relationship between two variables.

Question 11

Conclusions drawn from two or more separate crosstabulations that can be reversed when the data are aggregated into a single crosstabulation is known as

Accepted Answer

Simpson's paradox is a phenomenon where the conclusions drawn from subgroups of data are reversed when the data is aggregated into a single group. It is a common error in data analysis and can lead to incorrect conclusions if not accounted for.

Question 12

When a histogram has a longer tail to the right, it is said to be

Accepted Answer

A histogram with a longer tail to the right is said to be skewed to the right. This indicates that there are more observations on the left side of the histogram and fewer on the right side.

Question 13

A graphical presentation of the relationship between two variables is

Accepted Answer

A scatter diagram is specifically designed to show the relationship between two variables with numerical data. An ogive and a histogram are both graphs used to display frequency distributions of data, but they do not show the relationship between two variables.

Question 14

In a scatter diagram, a line that provides an approximation of the relationship between the variables is known as

Accepted Answer

A trend line is a line that best fits the data points in a scatter diagram, providing an approximation of the relationship between the variables. It is also known as a line of best fit or regression line. The other options are not commonly used terms in describing the characteristics of scatter plots.

Question 15

A frequency distribution is a tabular summary of data showing the

Accepted Answer

A frequency distribution lists the number of items in each class, making D the correct choice. Fraction, percentage, and relative percentage can also be included in the frequency distribution, but they are not the primary focus of the table.

Question 16

A tabular method that can be used to summarize the data on two variables simultaneously is called

Accepted Answer

Crosstabulation, also known as a contingency table or cross tab, is a tabular method used to summarize and analyze the relationship between two categorical variables. It shows the distribution of one variable in columns and the distribution of the other variable in rows, with frequencies or percentages in each cell. This allows for easy comparison and identification of patterns and relationships between the variables. Simultaneous equations, histograms, and ogives are not methods used for summarizing data on two variables simultaneously.

Question 17

Exhibit 2-1
The number of hours worked per week) by 400 statistics students are shown below.
 $$\begin{array} { c c } 
\text { Number of Hours } & \text { Frequency } \
0 - 9 & 20 \
10 - 19 & 80 \
20 - 29 & 200 \
30 - 39 & 100
\end{array}$$
-Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The number of students working 19 hours or less

Accepted Answer

The answer of Exhibit 2-1
The number of hours worked per...

Question 18

A situation in which conclusions based upon aggregated crosstabulation are different from unaggregated crosstabulation is known as

Accepted Answer

Simpson's paradox occurs when a trend appears in several different groups of data but disappears or reverses when the groups are combined into one dataset. This can lead to different conclusions when observing aggregated crosstabulation compared to unaggregated crosstabulation.

Question 19

Exhibit 2-1
The number of hours worked per week) by 400 statistics students are shown below.
 $$\begin{array} { c c } 
\text { Number of Hours } & \text { Frequency } \
0 - 9 & 20 \
10 - 19 & 80 \
20 - 29 & 200 \
30 - 39 & 100
\end{array}$$
-Refer to Exhibit 2-1. The class width for this distribution

Accepted Answer