A Participant Is Asked to Memorize a Series of Word

A participant is asked to memorize a series of word pairs, including the pair "heavy-light." The participant is asked later if any of the following words had been included in the list memorized earlier: "lamp," "candle," "spark," and "light." The participant denies having seen any of these words recently. This is probably because

A) the learning context does not provide adequate support for perceptual encoding.
B) the learning context does relatively little to encourage deep processing.
C) what was memorized was the idea of "light" as a description of weight, not "light" as illumination.
D) the learning context led the participant to think in terms of opposites, while the test context led the participant to think in terms of semantic associates.