Question 1

Lisa and Katie are both using imagery mnemonics to try to remember the words "dog" and "Ferris wheel." Lisa imagines a dog riding a Ferris wheel, while Katie remembers a person at a theme park walking her dog. Lisa's strategy will

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lisa and Katie are both using imagery...

Question 2

In memorizing new material, it is consistently helpful if one imagines the items

Accepted Answer

Imagining the items interacting with each other creates associations between them, making them easier to remember as a group. It also helps to create a memorable visual image.

Question 3

In this chapter, it was suggested that putting your thoughts into imagery can literally shape the flow and sequence of your ideas. What piece of evidence leads to this claim?

Accepted Answer

The suggestion that putting your thoughts into imagery can shape the flow and sequence of your ideas is supported by the evidence that creating an image in your mind causes some objects to be more prominent and other objects less prominent. This indicates that visual imagery can affect the priority and organization of information in the brain.

Question 4

In one study on picture memory, researchers showed participants pictures of typical scenes, such as a bedroom. In each typical scene there were some unexpected objects (e.g., a washing machine). During the test, participants were shown the same scene with a few changes. Results from this study indicate that

Accepted Answer

The study showed that unexpected objects in typical scenes (such as a washing machine in a bedroom) were more noticeable to participants than changes to typical objects. Therefore, changes to the unexpected objects were often noticed.

Question 5

Taken together, the evidence about memory for images suggests that

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that representations of images in working memory are more detailed and accurate than those in long-term memory. This supports the idea that these two forms of memory have different structures and processes.

Question 6

Gertrude is shown a picture of a backyard and later asked to replicate the image by drawing it. When compared to the original, her drawing has a "zoomed out" perspective. This tendency is called

Accepted Answer

Boundary extension is the tendency to remember visual scenes as being more extensive than they actually are, often resulting in a "zoomed out" perspective. This can lead to drawings or mental representations that include more of the surrounding area than was actually present in the original scene. Wide-angle memory and larger context may be related to this phenomenon, but are not specific terms used to describe this particular tendency. Eidetic imagery refers to the ability to vividly recall visual images, typically for brief periods of time immediately after viewing the image, and is not directly related to boundary extension.

Question 7

With respect to the storage of images, how are images different from other mental representations?

Accepted Answer

The answer of With respect to the storage of images,...

Question 8

Boundary extension suggests that, if given a picture of a classroom with a chalkboard, desks, and students, people are likely to

Accepted Answer

Boundary extension refers to the tendency to remember a scene as including more of the background than was actually shown. This often results in people remembering a wider shot than the one they originally saw, and including additional elements in the scene that were not actually present.

Question 9

According to Paivio, a word like "chair" is ________ than a word like "faith."

Accepted Answer

According to Paivio's Dual Coding Theory, concrete nouns like "chair" are easier to memorize because they have both a verbal and a visual code, while abstract nouns like "faith" only have a verbal code. This makes them more difficult to remember.

Question 10

Mentally zooming in and out of an image requires

Accepted Answer

Zooming in and out of an image requires working memory for the actual process of zooming, but also long-term memory for the representation of the image being zoomed. Therefore, option C is the best choice.

Question 11

Memory for pictures

Accepted Answer

Memory for pictures shows an influence of schematic knowledge, just like memories of other sorts. This means that prior knowledge or expectations about what the picture should contain can affect memory for the picture.

Question 12

Paivio and others have proposed that some types of knowledge are encoded in image-based representations and that other types of knowledge are stored in verbal form. In addition, they claim that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Paivio and others have proposed that some...

Question 13

Which of the following phrases would best describe the notion of boundary extension?

Accepted Answer

Boundary extension refers to the tendency to remember having seen a wider angle of a scene than was actually shown. "Think about the big picture" conveys the idea of seeing something in its entirety, or taking a more encompassing perspective, which aligns with the concept of boundary extension.

Question 14

It is difficult to examine mental imagery because mental images cannot be tested directly. Describe the various experimental techniques that psychologists have used to study imagery. Include a brief description of the task and the basic findings.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is difficult to examine mental imagery...

Question 15

In memorizing new material, the pattern of "dual coding" refers to

Accepted Answer

The pattern of "dual coding" refers to encoding information using both verbal and visual cues, leading to the formation of both a verbal memory and a visual memory. This approach relies on creating connections between the meaning of the material and a mental image, which can enhance the retention and retrieval of the information.

Question 16

The concept of boundary extension illustrates that

Accepted Answer

The concept of boundary extension suggests that people have a perceptual schema for processing images, which affects how they remember and perceive visual information. This schema leads people to "fill in" missing information and remember pictures as being more expansive than they actually were.

Question 17

Visual information may be stored in memory via a verbal description of the previously viewed object. Memory can be improved when an appropriate label of description is available. This is consistent with which of the following themes about memory?

Accepted Answer

This statement is consistent with the theme that memory benefits from understanding, as it suggests that the verbal label or description of a visual object can enhance memory for that object.

Question 18

Words that easily evoke imagery, like "ball," are ________ relative to words like "hope."

Accepted Answer

Words that easily evoke imagery, such as "ball," create a mental picture that can aid in memory recall. Whereas, "hope" is a more abstract concept that does not create a concrete image for the brain to retain. Therefore, words that easily evoke imagery are more easily remembered.

Question 19

It has been suggested that nodes in long-term memory can represent complete pictures, but this claim is no longer accepted. Which of the following pieces of evidence related to this claim is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The statement "Images containing more detail take less time to create" is false. In reality, more detailed images take longer to create because they require more processing and encoding of information in long-term memory. Therefore, nodes in long-term memory do not represent complete pictures.

Question 20

Which of following statements is FALSE about memory for pictures?

Accepted Answer

Picture memory does show the primacy and recency effect, meaning that people are more likely to remember the first and last pictures in a sequence.

Quiz 11: Visual Knowledge