Question 1

How does Einstellung contribute to problem solving? How can it facilitate problem solving? How may it hinder problem solving?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How does Einstellung contribute to problem solving?...

Question 2

Many years ago, Wallas argued that creative thought proceeds through four stages. Which of the following is NOT one of these stages?

Accepted Answer

The four stages of creative thought proposed by Wallas are preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification.

Question 3

Blair is female and Alex is male. Which of the following statements about their IQs is most likely to be true?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that males and females tend to have similar overall IQ scores but may demonstrate differences in specific areas such as verbal and visuospatial abilities. In general, females tend to score higher on tasks that involve verbal reasoning and males tend to score higher on tasks that involve visuospatial abilities. Therefore, it is most likely that Blair and Alex will have similar overall IQ scores, but Blair may score higher on verbal tests of intelligence.

Question 4

Researchers have tried to study the moment of illumination in the laboratory. The evidence indicates that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers have tried to study the moment...

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT an explanation that is supported by evidence for the IQ discrepancies between blacks and whites?

Accepted Answer

There is no evidence to support the claim that genetic factors cause one race to be inherently more intelligent than another.

Question 6

Smith and Blankenship gave participants problems to solve and provided clues. One group was forced to take a break after only 60 seconds of working on the problem. After a 30-second break, they were given another 30 seconds to try to solve the problem. Compared to the group that did not get the break, the incubation group

Accepted Answer

The answer of Smith and Blankenship gave participants problems to...

Question 7

Mark scored very well on a verbal intelligence test. How is he likely to score on a visuospatial test of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Although there is no perfect correlation between different types of intelligence, research has shown that people who perform well on verbal intelligence tests tend to also perform well on visuospatial intelligence tests. Therefore, it is likely that Mark will score above average on a visuospatial test.

Question 8

________ intelligence refers to a general flexibility of thought, while ________ intelligence refers to acquired knowledge and skills.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ intelligence refers to a general flexibility...

Question 9

In some procedures, participants are helped by an interruption during their attempts at solving a problem. In explaining this effect, which of the following hypotheses seems LEAST plausible in light of the available evidence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In some procedures, participants are helped by...

Question 10

As Vanessa worked on the problem, she reported out loud, "No, that option doesn't seem to work. No, that doesn't work either." Then Vanessa abruptly shouted, "I think I've got it!" These reports seem to capture the phenomenon called

Accepted Answer

The answer of As Vanessa worked on the problem, she...

Question 11

Dr. Smarts is giving a test to a few students in his class. The test is very simple: he presents two objects and asks the students to reply as quickly as possible if they match (yes or no). Student 1 replies faster than Student 2. What does this indicate about the students' intelligence levels?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr. Smarts is giving a test to...

Question 12

Your friends sets a New Year's resolution to "be happier." Although this is a great goal, it could be hard to achieve. Using the appropriate terminology, explain what kind of problem this is, and how she should go about solving it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your friends sets a New Year's resolution...

Question 13

Melissa is a 35-year-old woman. Over the next few decades, her ________ intelligence will likely increase, while her ________ intelligence will likely decrease.

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence, which involves the use of knowledge, facts, and skills that one has acquired throughout life, tends to increase with age. Fluid intelligence, which encompasses the ability to think abstractly, reason, identify patterns, solve problems, and discern relationships, tends to decrease with age.

Question 14

Which of the following would NOT be a reason to use Ravens Progressive Matrices instead of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale to measure the intelligence of an individual?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following would NOT be...

Question 15

Describe the stages of creativity. Include experimental evidence that supports the incubation and illumination stages of this process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the stages of creativity. Include experimental...

Question 16

Which of the following statements does NOT support the notion that the environment influences intelligence?

Accepted Answer

The statement that IQs are more similar among monozygotic twins than among dizygotic twins suggests that genetics play a significant role in determining intelligence, rather than just environmental factors.

Question 17

Describe two of the strategies for problem solving that were included in the chapter. Next, evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each approach.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two of the strategies for problem...

Question 18

According to Wallas's theory of creativity, the initial period in which a problem solver gathers information is known as

Accepted Answer

According to Wallas's theory, the initial period in which a problem solver gathers information is known as preparation. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer. Verification refers to the process of checking or confirming something that has already been established, while incubation is a period of rest or distraction during which a problem solver's subconscious may continue to work on the problem. Initialization is not a term used in Wallas's theory of creativity.

Question 19

Differentiate between the fluid and crystallized types of intelligence. How does intelligence change across the lifetime? What factors influence each type of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Differentiate between the fluid and crystallized types...

Question 20

A group of participants is interrupted while working on a problem. The participants then spend some time on an unrelated task and, finally, return to the initial problem. Studies of this sort show that the

Accepted Answer

The statement mentions that "Studies of this sort show that" which implies that there are different studies with different results. Therefore, the best choice is D, which states that data are mixed with some studies showing a benefit from the interruption but with many studies showing no effect.

Quiz 13: Problem Solving and Intelligence