Question 1

Which of the following are necessary to be determined to define the classes for a frequency distribution with quantitative data?
A)Number of nonoverlapping bins, width of each bin, and bin limits
B)Width of each bin and bin lower limits
C)Number of overlapping bins, width of each bin, and bin upper limits
D)Width of each bin and number of bins

Accepted Answer

To define the classes for a frequency distribution with quantitative data, we need to determine the number of nonoverlapping bins, the width of each bin, and the bin limits (both upper and lower). The option A correctly includes all of these necessary factors. Option B only includes the lower limits and not the upper limits, while option C includes the wrong type of bin (overlapping instead of nonoverlapping). Option D only includes the width and number of bins, but not the limits. Therefore, option A is the best choice.

Question 2

The data collected from the customers in restaurants about the quality of food is an example of a(n) ​
A)variable study.
B)cross-sectional study.
C)experimental study.
D)observational study.

Accepted Answer

The data collected from the customers in restaurants about the quality of food is an observational study as the researcher is not interfering with the customers' dining experiences and is simply observing their opinions and feedback. The other options, variable study, cross-sectional study, and experimental study, involve manipulation of variables or data collection at a specific point in time, which does not apply in this scenario.

Question 3

The act of collecting data that are representative of the population data is called
A)random sampling.
B)sample data.
C)population sampling.
D)sources of data.

Accepted Answer

Random sampling involves selecting a subset of individuals from a larger population in a way that gives every individual an equal chance of being selected. This helps to ensure that the sample data collected is representative of the population data, which is important for making accurate inferences and generalizations about the population as a whole. The other options, such as "sample data" and "sources of data," describe different aspects of data collection but do not necessarily guarantee that the data collected will be representative of the population.

Question 4

The difference in a variable measured over observations (time, customers, items, etc.) is known as
A)observed differences.
B)variation.
C)variable change.
D)descriptive analytics.

Accepted Answer

The difference in a variable measured over observations is known as variation. Observed differences may refer to differences between groups or subgroups, while variable change implies a change in the variable itself. Descriptive analytics refers to the process of analyzing and summarizing data to understand its characteristics and patterns.

Question 5

When working with large spreadsheets with many rows of data, it can be helpful to __________ the data to better find, view, or manage subsets of data.
A)split
B)sort and filter
C)chart
D)manipulate

Accepted Answer

Sorting and filtering allows you to organize the data in a way that is meaningful to you and filter out unnecessary data. It makes it easier to find specific information and analyze data more effectively. Splitting, charting, and manipulating can all be useful in certain contexts, but sorting and filtering are the most specifically suited to working with large sets of data.

Question 6

The amount of time taken by each of 10 students in a class to complete an exam is an example of what type of data? ​
A)Cannot be determined
B)Categorical data
C)Time series data
D)Quantitative data

Accepted Answer

The time taken by each student to complete the exam represents a numerical measurement, making it quantitative data.

Question 7

In a(n) __________, one or more variables are identified and controlled or manipulated so that data can be obtained about how they influence the variable of interest identified first.
A)experimental study
B)observational study
C)categorical study
D)variable study

Accepted Answer

An experimental study involves identifying and controlling/manipulating one or more variables to observe how they influence the variable of interest. This allows for cause-and-effect relationships to be established. Observational studies, on the other hand, simply observe and record data without any manipulation of variables. Categorical studies and variable studies are not commonly used terms in statistics.

Question 8

_______________ acts as a representative of the population.
A)The variable
B)The variance
C)A sample
D)A random variable

Accepted Answer

A sample is a subset of the population that is chosen to represent the larger population. It is chosen in such a way that it is representative of the larger population, and therefore can be used to make inferences about the population as a whole.

Question 9

Compute the relative frequencies for the data given in the table below:

$\begin{array} { c | c } 
\text { Grades } & \begin{array} { c } 
\text { Number of } \
\text { students }
\end{array} \
\hline \text { A } & 16 \
\text { B } & 28 \
\text { C } & 33 \
\text { D } & 13 \
\hline \text { Total } & 90
\end{array}$
A)$0.31,0.14,0.37,0.18$
B)$0.37,0.14,0.31,0.18$
C)$0.16,0.28,0.33,0.13$

D)$0.18,0.31,0.37,0.14$

Accepted Answer

The relative frequency is calculated by dividing the number of students for each grade by the total number of students (90). For A: 16/90 = 0.18, B: 28/90 = 0.31, C: 33/90 = 0.37, D: 13/90 = 0.14.

Question 10

A set of values corresponding to a set of variables is defined as a(n)
A)quantity.
B)event.
C)factor.
D)observation.

Accepted Answer

A set of values corresponding to a set of variables is known as an observation. An observation is a single instance or measurement of a variable or set of variables. A factor refers to a variable that can have different levels or values, while a quantity is a numerical value that can be measured or quantified. An event refers to a specific occurrence or incident.

Question 11

A __________ is a graphical summary of data previously summarized in a frequency distribution.
A)box plot
B)histogram
C)line chart
D)scatter chart

Accepted Answer

A histogram is a type of graph that is used to summarize data that has been organized into a frequency distribution. It displays the data by using adjacent bars (or columns) to show the frequency of data intervals, making it a suitable graphical summary for such data.

Question 12

Data collected from several entities over a period of time (minutes, hours, days, etc.) are called
A)categorical and quantitative data.
B)time series data.
C)source data.
D)cross-sectional data.

Accepted Answer

Time series data refers to data collected over a period of time. Choices A, C, and D do not accurately describe this type of data.

Question 13

When working with data sets in Excel, __________ can be used to automatically highlight cells that meet specified requirements.
A)averaging
B)conditional formatting
C)summing
D)sorting

Accepted Answer

Conditional formatting can be used to automatically highlight cells that meet specified requirements. Averaging, summing, and sorting are all functions that can be used to analyze or manipulate data, but they do not directly relate to highlighting cells based on specific criteria.

Question 14

A quantity of interest that can take on different values is known as a(n)
A)variable.
B)parameter.
C)sample.
D)observation.

Accepted Answer

A quantity of interest that can take on different values is commonly referred to as a variable. Parameters are fixed values used to describe a population, a sample is a subset of the population, and an observation is a single instance of a variable.

Question 15

The letter grades (A, B, C, D, F) of business analysis students are recorded by a professor. This variable's classification
A)is quantitative data.
B)cannot be determined.
C)is categorical data.
D)is time series data.

Accepted Answer

The classification of letter grades (A, B, C, D, F) is a categorical data because it represents a non-numerical category or label that cannot be measured or ordered. It is not quantitative data because it does not represent numerical values that can be measured or averaged. It is also not time series data because it does not represent data over a specific period of time.

Question 16

A summary of data that shows the number of observations in each of several nonoverlapping bins is called a(n) ​
A)frequency distribution.
B)sample summary.
C)bin distribution.
D)observed distribution.

Accepted Answer

A frequency distribution summarizes the number of observations in each bin or interval. It is a common way to organize and display data, especially when dealing with large datasets. The other options (B, C, and D) are not commonly used terms for summarizing data in this way.

Question 17

The goal regarding using an appropriate number of bins is to show the
A)number of observations.
B)number of variables.
C)variation in the data.
D)correlation in the data.

Accepted Answer

The appropriate number of bins should aim to show the variation in the data. Too few bins can hide important patterns and too many bins can create noise and obscure the overall distribution. Thus, choosing the right number of bins can effectively display the relevant features of the data.

Question 18

Consider the data below. What percentage of students scored grade C?

$\begin{array} { c | c } 
\text { Grades } & \begin{array} { c } 
\text { Number of } \
\text { students }
\end{array} \
\hline \text { A } & 16 \
\text { B } & 28 \
\text { C } & 33 \
\text { D } & 13 \
\hline \text { Total } & 90
\end{array}$ 
A)$33 \%$ 
B)$31 \%$ 
C)$37 \%$ 
D)$28 \%$

Accepted Answer

The total number of students is 90. The number of students who scored grade C is 33. Therefore, the percentage of students who scored grade C is (33/90) * 100 = 37%.

Question 19

Which of the following gives the proportion of items in each bin?
A)Frequency
B)Class size
C)Relative frequency
D)Bin proportion

Accepted Answer

Relative frequency gives the proportion of items in each bin as a decimal or percentage.

Question 20

__________ are collected from several entities at the same point in time.
A)Time series data
B)Categorical and quantitative data
C)Cross-sectional data
D)Random data

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional data are collected from several entities at the same point in time, making it the best choice for this definition. Time series data refers to data collected over a period of time, categorical and quantitative data are types of data measurements, and random data refers to data that does not follow a specific pattern or distribution.

Quiz 2: Descriptive Statistics

Which of the following are necessary to be determined to define the classes for a frequency distribution with quantitative data?

The data collected from the customers in restaurants about the quality of food is an example of a(n) ​

The act of collecting data that are representative of the population data is called

The difference in a variable measured over observations (time, customers, items, etc.) is known as

When working with large spreadsheets with many rows of data, it can be helpful to __________ the data to better find, view, or manage subsets of data.

The amount of time taken by each of 10 students in a class to complete an exam is an example of what type of data? ​

In a(n) __________, one or more variables are identified and controlled or manipulated so that data can be obtained about how they influence the variable of interest identified first.

_______________ acts as a representative of the population.

A set of values corresponding to a set of variables is defined as a(n)

A __________ is a graphical summary of data previously summarized in a frequency distribution.

Data collected from several entities over a period of time (minutes, hours, days, etc.) are called

When working with data sets in Excel, __________ can be used to automatically highlight cells that meet specified requirements.

A quantity of interest that can take on different values is known as a(n)

The letter grades (A, B, C, D, F) of business analysis students are recorded by a professor. This variable's classification

A summary of data that shows the number of observations in each of several nonoverlapping bins is called a(n) ​

The goal regarding using an appropriate number of bins is to show the

Which of the following gives the proportion of items in each bin?

__________ are collected from several entities at the same point in time.

The data collected from the customers in restaurants about the quality of food is an example of a(n)

The amount of time taken by each of 10 students in a class to complete an exam is an example of what type of data?

A summary of data that shows the number of observations in each of several nonoverlapping bins is called a(n)