Question 1

A person's tendency to believe he or she can predict the outcome of random events is known as the self-serving bias.

Accepted Answer

Our tendency to believe we can predict the outcome of random events is the randomness error.

Question 2

________ refers to staying with a decision even when there is clear evidence it's wrong.

Accepted Answer

A)Escalation of commitment refers to staying with a decision even when there is clear evidence it is wrong.

Question 3

Which of the following is a factor present in a situation which may affect a person's perception?

Accepted Answer

D)Factors present in a situation which may affect perception are work setting, social setting, and time.

Question 4

During team meetings Amber Downing always notices that Rhona Law tends to ask innumerable questions and suggest ideas at each discussion. However, Law stands out in the meetings only because she is the only one making suggestions. If both of them were part of team meetings where almost all members made suggestions and asked questions, Law would not have drawn as much attention from Downing. Which of the following factors has most likely influenced Downing's perception of Law?

Accepted Answer

D)A number of factors operate to shape and sometimes distort perception.These factors can reside in the perceiver, in the object or target being perceived, or in the context of the situation in which the perception is made.

Question 5

Which of the following is a factor present in a target which may affect a person's perception?

Accepted Answer

D)Factors present in a target which may affect perception are novelty, motion, sound, size, background, proximity, and similarity.

Question 6

Extremely attractive or unattractive individuals are most likely to be noticed in a group. Which of the following statements best describes the reason behind this?

Accepted Answer

C)Characteristics of the target we observe can affect what we perceive.Loud people are more likely to be noticed in a group than quiet ones.So, too, are extremely attractive or unattractive individuals.Because we don't look at targets in isolation, the relationship of a target to its background influences our perception of the target.

Question 7

When two people witness something at the same time and in the same situation yet interpret it differently, factors that operate to shape their perceptions reside in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)Since the time and situation are the same, the factors that operate to shape perception must be in the perceivers themselves.Personal characteristics that can affect perception include perceiver attitudes, personality, motives, interests, past experiences, and expectations.

Question 8

________ is the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.

Accepted Answer

E)Perception is defined as a process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment.People's behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, and not on reality itself.What a person perceives can be substantially different from objective reality.

Question 9

People's behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself.

Accepted Answer

People's behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself.The world as it is perceived is the world that is behaviorally important.

Question 10

A manager doing performance appraisals gives more weight to recent employee behaviors than to behaviors of six or nine months earlier. This shows that the manager's perception is affected by a(n)________ bias.

Accepted Answer

B)Availability bias refers to the tendency for people to base their judgments on information that is readily available to them.The availability bias explains why managers doing performance appraisals give more weight to recent employee behaviors than to behaviors of six or nine months earlier.

Question 11

The perception of a target is unaffected by the perceiver's personality or past experiences.

Accepted Answer

A number of factors operate to shape and sometimes distort perception.These factors can reside in the perceiver, in the object or target being perceived, or in the context of the situation in which the perception is made.

Question 12

Alicia Akers works as a marketing executive. She always talks in a high pitch and often draws a lot of attention wherever she is. Which of the following statements best explains the reason behind people noticing Akers?

Accepted Answer

C)Characteristics of the target we observe can affect perception.Loud people are more likely to be noticed in a group than quiet ones.Even extremely attractive or unattractive individuals are more likely to be noticed.Since people do not look at targets in isolation, the relationship of a target to its background influences one's perception of the target.

Question 13

David Myers is of the opinion that people who drive SUVs are rash drivers. He feels that people driving SUVs do not respect road rules and always violate traffic regulations. What personal factor is most likely to be affecting Myers' perception of SUV drivers?

Accepted Answer

B)Myers expects all SUV drivers to be dangerous.His expectations are what color his perception.The example doesn't explain why he expects this, although it could be from a previous bad experience.

Question 14

People are usually not aware of the factors that influence their view of reality.

Accepted Answer

People are usually not aware of the factors that influence their view of reality.In fact, people are not even that perceptive about their own abilities.

Question 15

The tendency to believe falsely, after an outcome of an event is actually known, that one would have accurately predicted that outcome is known as a(n)________ bias.

Accepted Answer

D)The hindsight bias is the tendency to believe falsely, after the outcome is known, that one would have accurately predicted it.The hindsight bias reduces our ability to learn from the past.It lets us think we are better predictors than we are and can make us falsely confident.

Question 16

Which of the following is a factor present in a perceiver which may affect perception?

Accepted Answer

A)Factors present in a perceiver which may affect perception are attitudes, motives, interests, experience, and expectations.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true regarding perception?

Accepted Answer

C)Our perception of reality can be different from the objective reality.Our perception of reality is affected by our personality, past experiences, and the context of the situation in which the perception is made.We do not look at targets in isolation.

Question 18

Escalation of commitment refers to staying with a decision even when there is clear evidence it's wrong.

Accepted Answer

Escalation of commitment refers to staying with a decision even when there is clear evidence it is wrong.

Question 19

The tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic is known as the contrast effect.

Accepted Answer

The tendency to draw a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic is known as the halo effect.

Question 20

Monica Walden feels that people who use plastic bags are insensitive toward the environment. She believes that people have a certain obligation toward their environment and should take it upon themselves to protect and preserve it. Which of the following factors has most likely influenced Walden's perception of plastic bag users?

Accepted Answer