Question 1

Syllogism 4H
Given the following syllogism:
Trudy must read biographies, because Trudy likes biographies and Trudy reads what she likes.
-For Syllogism 4H, the major premise is:
A) All books Trudy likes are biographies.
B) Some books Trudy likes are biographies.
C) All persons identical to Trudy are persons who like biographies.
D) All persons who read what they like are persons identical to Trudy.
E) Some books Trudy likes are not biographies.

Accepted Answer

The major premise of this syllogism is that "Trudy reads what she likes." The minor premise establishes that Trudy likes biographies. Therefore, the conclusion is that "Trudy must read biographies." This is an example of an affirmative syllogism in which the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises. The correct choice is B, as it accurately summarizes the minor premise. Choices A, C, D, and E are all incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the major premise.

Question 2

Syllogism 2H
Given the following syllogism:
No happy marriages are planned arrangements, so some unplanned arrangements are fulfilling relationships, because some unhappy marriages are not unfulfilling relationships.
-For Syllogism 2H, the minor premise is:
A) Some happy marriages are fulfilling relationships.
B) All happy marriages are planned arrangements.
C) Some fulfilling relationships are not happy marriages.
D) Some planned arrangements are not fulfilling relationships.
E) Some fulfilling relationships are not planned arrangements.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Syllogism 2H
Given the following syllogism:
No happy marriages...

Question 3

Syllogism 1H
Given the following syllogism:
No unsigned paintings are expensive art works, since no signed paintings are framed prints, and all unframed prints are inexpensive art works.
-After reducing the number of terms in Syllogism 1H, the conclusion is:
A) All expensive art works are framed prints.
B) All signed paintings are expensive art works.
C) All expensive art works are signed paintings.
D) No signed paintings are framed prints.
E) No unframed prints are expensive art works.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Syllogism 1H
Given the following syllogism:
No unsigned paintings...

Question 4

Sorites 1H
Given the following sorites:
All R are F.
Some K are N.
No R are A.
$\frac{\text { No N are } F}{\text { Some } \mathrm{A} \text { are not } \mathrm{K} \text {. }}$
-For Sorites 1H, the correct answer is:
A) Valid.
B) Invalid.
C) Sound
D) Cogent
E) Uncogent

Accepted Answer

Sorites 1H is invalid because we cannot derive a conclusion from the given premises. While it is true that all R are F and no R are A, we cannot determine the relationship between K and R or between K and A. Therefore, we cannot make any definitive statements about the relationship between K and N.

Question 5

Syllogism 1H
Given the following syllogism:
No unsigned paintings are expensive art works, since no signed paintings are framed prints, and all unframed prints are inexpensive art works.
-For Syllogism 1H, the major premise is:
A) All expensive art works are signed paintings.
B) All signed paintings are unframed prints.
C) All framed prints are expensive art works.
D) No signed paintings are framed prints.
E) All expensive art works are framed prints.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Syllogism 1H
Given the following syllogism:
No unsigned paintings...

Question 6

Syllogism 2H
Given the following syllogism:
No happy marriages are planned arrangements, so some unplanned arrangements are fulfilling relationships, because some unhappy marriages are not unfulfilling relationships.
-After reducing the number of terms in Syllogism 2H, the conclusion is:
A) No happy marriages are planned arrangements.
B) Some fulfilling relationships are not happy marriages.
C) Some happy marriages are not fulfilling relationships.
D) Some planned arrangements are not fulfilling relationships.
E) Some fulfilling relationships are not planned arrangements.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Syllogism 2H
Given the following syllogism:
No happy marriages...

Question 7

Given the following enthymeme: Only dentists are invited, and Dr. Klein is not a dentist.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:
A) All dentists are persons invited. (Conclusion)
B) Dr. Klein is not invited. (Conclusion)
C) All persons invited are dentists. (Premise)
D) Dr. Klein is invited. (Conclusion)
E) No persons identical to Dr. Klein are dentists. (Conclusion)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Given the following enthymeme: Only dentists are...

Question 8

Syllogism 1H
Given the following syllogism:
No unsigned paintings are expensive art works, since no signed paintings are framed prints, and all unframed prints are inexpensive art works.
-For Syllogism 1H, the minor premise is:
A) All signed paintings are unframed prints.
B) No signed paintings are framed prints.
C) All expensive art works are signed paintings.
D) All signed paintings are expensive art works.
E) All expensive art works are framed prints.

Accepted Answer

The syllogism states that "No signed paintings are framed prints," which is the definition of the minor premise of option B. Therefore, option B is the correct choice.

Question 9

Syllogism 3H
Given the following syllogism:
A few snakes have fangs, so there are snakes that are not friendly, for whatever has fangs is unfriendly.
-For Syllogism 3H, the major premise is:
A) No snakes with fangs are friendly animals.
B) All animals with fangs are unfriendly animals.
C) Some snakes are animals with fangs.
D) Some snakes are not friendly animals.
E) No animals with fangs are friendly animals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Syllogism 3H
Given the following syllogism:
A few snakes...

Question 10

Given the following enthymeme: Suzanne must be smart. After all, she earns 'A's.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:
A) Not all Suzanne's grades are 'A's. (Premise)
B) Suzanne is a smart student. (Conclusion)
C) Every smart student earns 'A's. (Premise)
D) Suzanne will graduate with honors. (Conclusion)
E) Anyone who earns 'A's is smart. (Premise)

Accepted Answer

To convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism, we need a premise that connects earning 'A's with being smart. Option E, "Anyone who earns 'A's is smart," serves as the missing premise that links the observation of Suzanne earning 'A's to the conclusion that Suzanne must be smart.

Question 11

Given the following enthymeme: Whenever housing prices rise landlords prosper, and housing prices are rising now.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:
A) Landlords are prospering now. (Conclusion)
B) All persons who own houses are landlords. (Premise)
C) Landlords prosper when housing prices rise. (Premise)
D) Housing prices rise when interest rates fall. (Premise)
E) All landlords are persons who own houses. (Conclusion)

Accepted Answer

The two premises in the enthymeme lead to the conclusion that landlords are prospering now, so the statement needed to convert it into a valid syllogism is that conclusion, which is option A. None of the other options follow logically from the premises given.

Question 12

Sorites 1H
Given the following sorites:
All R are F.
Some K are N.
No R are A.
$\frac{\text { No N are } F}{\text { Some } \mathrm{A} \text { are not } \mathrm{K} \text {. }}$
-For Sorites 1H, the correct standard form is:
A) Some A are not K.
Some K are N.
No N are F.
$\frac{\text { All } R \text { are } F \text {. }}{\text { No } R \text { are } A \text {. }}$
B) Some K are N.
No N are F.
No R are A.
$\frac{\text { All } R \text { are } F \text {. }}{\text { Some } \mathrm{A} \text { are not } \mathrm{K} \text {. }}$
C) No N are F.
Some K are N.
All R are F.
$\frac{\text { No } R \text { are } A}{\text { Some } \mathrm{A} \text { are not } \mathrm{K} \text {. }}$
D) Some K are N.
No N are F.
All R are F.
$\frac{\text { No } R \text { are } A \text {. }}{\text { Some } A \text { are not } K \text {. }}$
E) Some K are not N.
All N are F.
No R are F.
$\frac{\text { Some } R \text { are not } A}{\text { Some } \mathrm{A} \text { are } \mathrm{K}}$

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sorites 1H
Given the following sorites:
All R are...

Question 13

Sorites 1H
Given the following sorites:
All R are F.
Some K are N.
No R are A.
$\frac{\text { No N are } F}{\text { Some } \mathrm{A} \text { are not } \mathrm{K} \text {. }}$
-For Sorites 1H, the second intermediate conclusion is:
A) No A are F.
B) No F are N.
C) Some K are R.
D) Some F are not K.
E) Some K are not R.

Accepted Answer

The first premise tells us that all R are F, which means that no F can be excluded from R. The second premise tells us that some K are N, which means that there are some K that cannot be excluded from N. The third premise tells us that no R are A, which means that all A can be excluded from R.

Thus, if we combine the first and third premises, we get: no A are F (since no A can be in R, and all R are F).

If we combine the first and second premises, we get: some K are F (since some K are N, and no N are excluded from being F by the first premise).

If we combine the second and third premises, we get: some K are not R (since no R are A, and some K are N, which means that some K cannot be excluded from A).

Therefore, the second intermediate conclusion is E) Some K are not R.

Question 14

Syllogism 4H
Given the following syllogism:
Trudy must read biographies, because Trudy likes biographies and Trudy reads what she likes.
-For Syllogism 4H, the minor premise is:
A) All persons identical to Trudy are persons who read what they like.
B) Some books Trudy likes are biographies.
C) All books Trudy likes are books Trudy reads.
D) All books Trudy reads are books Trudy likes.
E) All persons identical to Trudy are persons who read biographies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Syllogism 4H
Given the following syllogism:
Trudy must read...

Question 15

Syllogism 4H
Given the following syllogism:
Trudy must read biographies, because Trudy likes biographies and Trudy reads what she likes.
-After translating Syllogism 4H into standard form, the conclusion is:
A) All persons identical to Trudy are persons who read what they like.
B) All persons identical to Trudy are persons who read biographies.
C) All books Trudy reads are biographies.
D) Some books Trudy reads are biographies.
E) Some books Trudy likes are biographies.

Accepted Answer

The conclusion that can be directly drawn from the premises is that Trudy reads some biographies, since it's stated she reads what she likes and she likes biographies. This doesn't necessarily mean all books she reads are biographies, just that biographies are among the books she reads.

Question 16

Sorites 1H
Given the following sorites:
All R are F.
Some K are N.
No R are A.
$\frac{\text { No N are } F}{\text { Some } \mathrm{A} \text { are not } \mathrm{K} \text {. }}$
-For Sorites 1H, the first intermediate conclusion is:
A) Some K are F.
B) No N are R.
C) Some K are not F.
D) No A are F.
E) Some F are not K.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sorites 1H
Given the following sorites:
All R are...

Question 17

Given the following sorites: Some M are R.
All R are H.
All H are D.
$\frac{\text { No } K \text { are D. }}{\text { Some } \mathrm{K} \text { are not } \mathrm{M}}$
This sorites is:
A) Invalid because a term is distributed in the conclusion but not in the premise.
B) Invalid because a universal premise requires a universal conclusion.
C) Invalid because a term is distributed in a premise but not in the conclusion.
D) Valid because a particular premise requires a particular conclusion.
E) Valid because no rules are broken.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Given the following sorites: Some M are...

Question 18

Syllogism 3H
Given the following syllogism:
A few snakes have fangs, so there are snakes that are not friendly, for whatever has fangs is unfriendly.
-For Syllogism 3H, the minor premise is:
A) All animals with fangs are unfriendly animals.
B) Some snakes are animals with fangs.
C) No animals with fangs are friendly animals.
D) Some snakes are not friendly animals.
E) Some snakes are not animals with fangs.

Accepted Answer

The minor premise provides specific information about a subset of the subject of the conclusion. In this case, it's about "some snakes" being "animals with fangs," which directly relates to the given syllogism's argument about snakes, fangs, and friendliness.

Question 19

Syllogism 3H
Given the following syllogism:
A few snakes have fangs, so there are snakes that are not friendly, for whatever has fangs is unfriendly.
-After translating Syllogism 3H into standard form, the conclusion is:
A) Some snakes are not friendly animals.
B) No snakes are friendly animals.
C) Some friendly animals are not snakes.
D) Some snakes are friendly animals.
E) No animals with fangs are friendly animals.

Accepted Answer

The premise states that "A few snakes have fangs," which means that some but not all snakes have fangs. The conclusion follows logically: "whatever has fangs is unfriendly" and since some snakes have fangs, it can be concluded that "there are snakes that are not friendly." Therefore, the correct choice is A, "Some snakes are not friendly animals."

Question 20

Syllogism 2H
Given the following syllogism:
No happy marriages are planned arrangements, so some unplanned arrangements are fulfilling relationships, because some unhappy marriages are not unfulfilling relationships.
-For Syllogism 2H, the major premise is:
A) All happy marriages are unplanned arrangements.
B) Some unhappy marriages are fulfilling relationships.
C) Some fulfilling relationships are not planned arrangements.
D) No happy marriages are planned arrangements.
E) Some happy marriages are fulfilling relationships.

Accepted Answer

The major premise is the statement that sets up the framework for the rest of the syllogism. In this case, it is "No happy marriages are planned arrangements." This means that there is no overlap between happy marriages and planned arrangements, and any statement involving these two concepts must take this into consideration. Therefore, D is the best choice as it correctly represents the major premise.

Quiz 5: Categorical Syllogisms

Syllogism 4H Given the following syllogism: Trudy must read biographies, because Trudy likes biographies and Trudy reads what she likes. -For Syllogism 4H, the major premise is:

Syllogism 2H Given the following syllogism: No happy marriages are planned arrangements, so some unplanned arrangements are fulfilling relationships, because some unhappy marriages are not unfulfilling relationships. -For Syllogism 2H, the minor premise is:

Syllogism 1H Given the following syllogism: No unsigned paintings are expensive art works, since no signed paintings are framed prints, and all unframed prints are inexpensive art works. -After reducing the number of terms in Syllogism 1H, the conclusion is:

Sorites 1H Given the following sorites: All R are F. Some K are N. No R are A. No N are F Some A are not K. \frac{\text { No N are } F}{\text { Some } \mathrm{A} \text { are not } \mathrm{K} \text {. }} Some A are not K. No N are F​ -For Sorites 1H, the correct answer is:

Syllogism 1H Given the following syllogism: No unsigned paintings are expensive art works, since no signed paintings are framed prints, and all unframed prints are inexpensive art works. -For Syllogism 1H, the major premise is:

Syllogism 2H Given the following syllogism: No happy marriages are planned arrangements, so some unplanned arrangements are fulfilling relationships, because some unhappy marriages are not unfulfilling relationships. -After reducing the number of terms in Syllogism 2H, the conclusion is:

Given the following enthymeme: Only dentists are invited, and Dr. Klein is not a dentist. The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

Syllogism 1H Given the following syllogism: No unsigned paintings are expensive art works, since no signed paintings are framed prints, and all unframed prints are inexpensive art works. -For Syllogism 1H, the minor premise is:

Syllogism 3H Given the following syllogism: A few snakes have fangs, so there are snakes that are not friendly, for whatever has fangs is unfriendly. -For Syllogism 3H, the major premise is:

Given the following enthymeme: Suzanne must be smart. After all, she earns 'A's. The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

Given the following enthymeme: Whenever housing prices rise landlords prosper, and housing prices are rising now. The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:

Sorites 1H Given the following sorites: All R are F. Some K are N. No R are A. No N are F Some A are not K. \frac{\text { No N are } F}{\text { Some } \mathrm{A} \text { are not } \mathrm{K} \text {. }} Some A are not K. No N are F​ -For Sorites 1H, the correct standard form is:

Sorites 1H Given the following sorites: All R are F. Some K are N. No R are A. No N are F Some A are not K. \frac{\text { No N are } F}{\text { Some } \mathrm{A} \text { are not } \mathrm{K} \text {. }} Some A are not K. No N are F​ -For Sorites 1H, the second intermediate conclusion is:

Syllogism 4H Given the following syllogism: Trudy must read biographies, because Trudy likes biographies and Trudy reads what she likes. -For Syllogism 4H, the minor premise is:

Syllogism 4H Given the following syllogism: Trudy must read biographies, because Trudy likes biographies and Trudy reads what she likes. -After translating Syllogism 4H into standard form, the conclusion is:

Sorites 1H Given the following sorites: All R are F. Some K are N. No R are A. No N are F Some A are not K. \frac{\text { No N are } F}{\text { Some } \mathrm{A} \text { are not } \mathrm{K} \text {. }} Some A are not K. No N are F​ -For Sorites 1H, the first intermediate conclusion is:

Given the following sorites: Some M are R. All R are H. All H are D. No K are D. Some K are not M\frac{\text { No } K \text { are D. }}{\text { Some } \mathrm{K} \text { are not } \mathrm{M}} Some K are not M No K are D. ​ This sorites is:

Syllogism 3H Given the following syllogism: A few snakes have fangs, so there are snakes that are not friendly, for whatever has fangs is unfriendly. -For Syllogism 3H, the minor premise is:

Syllogism 3H Given the following syllogism: A few snakes have fangs, so there are snakes that are not friendly, for whatever has fangs is unfriendly. -After translating Syllogism 3H into standard form, the conclusion is:

Syllogism 2H Given the following syllogism: No happy marriages are planned arrangements, so some unplanned arrangements are fulfilling relationships, because some unhappy marriages are not unfulfilling relationships. -For Syllogism 2H, the major premise is:

Sorites 1H Given the following sorites: All R are F. Some K are N. No R are A. $\frac{\text { No N are } F}{\text { Some } \mathrm{A} \text { are not } \mathrm{K} \text {. }}$ -For Sorites 1H, the correct answer is:

Sorites 1H Given the following sorites: All R are F. Some K are N. No R are A. $\frac{\text { No N are } F}{\text { Some } \mathrm{A} \text { are not } \mathrm{K} \text {. }}$ -For Sorites 1H, the correct standard form is:

Sorites 1H Given the following sorites: All R are F. Some K are N. No R are A. $\frac{\text { No N are } F}{\text { Some } \mathrm{A} \text { are not } \mathrm{K} \text {. }}$ -For Sorites 1H, the second intermediate conclusion is:

Sorites 1H Given the following sorites: All R are F. Some K are N. No R are A. $\frac{\text { No N are } F}{\text { Some } \mathrm{A} \text { are not } \mathrm{K} \text {. }}$ -For Sorites 1H, the first intermediate conclusion is:

Given the following sorites: Some M are R. All R are H. All H are D. $\frac{\text { No } K \text { are D. }}{\text { Some } \mathrm{K} \text { are not } \mathrm{M}}$ This sorites is: