Question 1

If the species in a classification system are not jointly exhaustive, can we fix the system by adding a species called "others"?

Accepted Answer

Adding a catch-all species called "others" is not a good solution because it does not provide meaningful information about the remaining referents and can obscure important differences between them. It is better to revise the classification system to ensure that all species are jointly exhaustive.

Question 2

Consider the following list of concepts: LETTUCE, ROOT VEGETABLES, CARROTS, EDIBLE PLANTS, PEAS, CORN.How many levels of organization would be required to organize these concepts?

Accepted Answer

There are three levels of organization required to organize these concepts. The first level is "Edible Plants," which includes all the other concepts in the list. The second level includes the two subcategories "Lettuce" and "Root Vegetables." The third level includes two more subcategories, "Carrots" and "Peas and Corn."

Question 3

Essential attributes are properties that are:

Accepted Answer

Essential attributes are fundamental or important properties that define or characterize something.

Question 4

Why aren't the species in this classification scheme mutually exclusive? REPTILES: MEAT EATERS / PLANT EATERS / INSECT EATERS / EGG EATERS

Accepted Answer

Some reptiles might eat more than one kind of thing. For example, some reptiles may eat both meat and insects, or both plants and eggs. Therefore, the categories in this classification scheme are not mutually exclusive.

Question 5

When we say that species must be mutually exclusive, we mean that:

Accepted Answer

Mutually exclusive means that each species should have its own distinct set of characteristics, and there should not be any overlap between them. In other words, different species cannot share the same set of characteristics or traits.

Question 6

Classifying by consistent principle means that:

Accepted Answer

When classifying by consistent principle, more than one principle may be used if necessary to ensure that all items are grouped according to a logical and consistent system. Using multiple principles can provide a more accurate and thorough classification.

Question 7

Which rule of classification is violated by the following system for classifying animals? INSECT / MAMMAL / FISH / BIRD

Accepted Answer

The classification system violates the rule of being jointly exhaustive because it does not cover all possible animal categories, such as reptiles and amphibians, leaving out significant groups.

Question 8

Is it possible to design a system of classification that has mutually exclusive species but doesn't use a consistent principle?

Accepted Answer

It is possible to design a system of classification with mutually exclusive species without a consistent principle. However, this would make it difficult to determine the relationship between the species and the classification would not be very useful.

Question 9

When we say that species must be jointly exhaustive, we mean that:

Accepted Answer

When we say that species must be jointly exhaustive, we mean that the species must cover all objects in the genus. In other words, there should not be any objects in the genus that are not covered by at least one species. Option A is incorrect because overlapping is allowed, as long as all objects are covered. Option B is incorrect because not all species are also a genus. Option D is incorrect because each species should not overlap with each other. Option E is incorrect because the species are not necessarily based on essential attributes.

Question 10

Suppose that a consistent principle has been used to divide a genus into three jointly exhaustive species.Might it be possible to divide the same genus into only two jointly exhaustive species by using a different consistent principle?

Accepted Answer

There can be multiple consistent principles to divide a genus into different species. Therefore, it is possible to divide the same genus into only two jointly exhaustive species by using a different consistent principle.

Question 11

Suppose that we are organizing the following religious affiliations: BAPTIST, METHODIST, CATHOLIC, JEWISH.Which term should appear at the highest level of organization?

Accepted Answer

"Religious affiliation" should appear at the highest level of organization because it encompasses all of the individual affiliations listed (Baptist, Methodist, Catholic, Jewish). This allows for a broader and more inclusive categorization.

Question 12

When concepts are properly organized, at the top level you will find:

Accepted Answer

At the top level of concept organization, you will find the most abstract concept. This is because the top level should represent a broad, overarching category that encompasses more specific concepts at lower levels. Abstract concepts are typically more inclusive and broad in nature, making them a better fit for this top-level category.

Question 13

When concepts are properly organized, at the bottom level, you will always find:

Accepted Answer

At the bottom level of properly organized concepts, you will find the most concrete terms. This is because at the higher levels, more abstract and broader concepts are introduced, and as you move towards the bottom, the concepts become more specific and tangible.

Question 14

Consider the following list of concepts: LETTUCE, ROOT VEGETABLES, CARROTS, EDIBLE PLANTS, PEAS, CORN.If these terms were organized, what would be the highest concept?

Accepted Answer

The highest concept is "Edible Plants" because it encompasses all the other concepts in the list. Lettuce, root vegetables, carrots, peas, and corn are all types of edible plants. While roots, stems, and seeds are also concepts related to plants, they do not necessarily imply that they are edible.

Question 15

Suppose that items belonging to a genus have several essential attributes, but we only classify them according to one.Is it still possible for the species to be mutually exclusive and jointly exhaustive?

Accepted Answer

It is still possible for the species to be mutually exclusive and jointly exhaustive even if items are classified according to only one essential attribute. This is because the classification can be designed in such a way that every item falls into one and only one category based on that attribute, covering all possibilities within the genus.

Question 16

Which rule of classification is violated by the following system for classifying weapons? CAPABLE OF NONLETHAL DAMAGE / CAPABLE OF LETHAL DAMAGE

Accepted Answer

The rule of mutual exclusivity is violated because a weapon can be capable of both nonlethal and lethal damage, leading to overlap between the two categories.

Question 17

A good organizational scheme will have how many levels of organization?

Accepted Answer

The correct organizational scheme depends on the terms being organized, as the complexity and scope of the information dictate the number of levels needed for effective organization.

Question 18

For most jobs, which of the following would be an essential attribute for classifying applicants?

Accepted Answer

Ability is an essential attribute for classifying applicants as it pertains to their qualifications and skills for performing the job. Race, sex, national origin, and physical beauty are all forms of discrimination and should not be used as criteria for employment decisions.

Question 19

Which of the following classifications uses essential attributes?

Accepted Answer

The classification "Puzzles" uses essential attributes (i.e. the type of puzzle) to categorize its items. The other classifications use non-essential attributes (i.e. color, smell, texture, taste) which can vary across items within the same category.

Question 20

In which of the following classification systems are the species jointly exhaustive?

Accepted Answer

In option E, the classification of religions into atheistic, monotheistic, and polytheistic is jointly exhaustive because it covers all possible types of religions based on the number of deities they worship or don't worship, leaving no room for a religion to fall outside these categories.

Quiz 1: Classification