Question 1

Which of the following yields a stratified sample?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups (or strata) and then taking a random sample from each subgroup. Option C involves dividing the population into two strata (males and females) and taking a random sample from each subgroup. Choices A and D involve simple random sampling, where each individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected. Option B involves purposive sampling, where the researcher specifically selects a certain group within the population to participate in the study.

Question 2

A population frame for a survey contains a listing of 6,179 names.Using a table of random numbers,which of the following code numbers will appear on your list?

Accepted Answer

The code number 0694 is a valid four-digit number that can be used to represent one of the 6,179 names in the population frame.

Question 3

To gather information on the preferences of instructors at universities on topics for a business statistics textbook that it will publish,a publishing company invited 10 faculty members who have adopted one of the textbooks that it has published.This is an example of a

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a judgment sample because the publishing company specifically targeted faculty members who have adopted one of its textbooks, rather than selecting participants randomly or according to a specific criterion. The company likely believes that these individuals have relevant expertise and can provide valuable insights on preferred textbook topics.

Question 4

Which of the following types of samples can you use if you want to make valid statistical inferences from a sample to a population?

Accepted Answer

Probability samples are the only types of samples that allow valid statistical inferences from a sample to a population. This is because probability samples are selected using randomization, which ensures that each element in the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. This means that the sample is likely to be representative of the population, which allows for generalization of results to the population. A judgment sample is one in which the researcher uses their own judgment to select participants, which can introduce bias into the sample. A quota sample is one in which the researcher selects participants based on specific quotas (e.g., 50% men, 50% women), which can also introduce bias. A convenience sample is one in which participants are selected based on their availability or willingness to participate, which can also introduce bias.

Question 5

A company selling apparel online sends out emails every Monday to all its customers who made a purchase.This is an example of a

Accepted Answer

This is a convenience sample because the company is only sending out emails to customers who have already made a purchase, rather than randomly selecting customers from their entire customer base.

Question 6

Since a is not a randomly selected probability sample,there is no way to know how well it represents the overall population.

Accepted Answer

The given sample is a convenience sample which means it is not a probability sample and does not represent the population well. Therefore, option B is the best choice as it accurately describes the type of sample given.

Question 7

A population frame for a survey contains a listing of 72,345 names.Using a table of random numbers,how many digits will the code numbers for each member of your population contain?

Accepted Answer

According to the 5-digit rule, the number of digits in a code number should be equal to or greater than five percent of the population frame. 
5% of 72,345 is 3,617.25, which means that the code numbers should contain at least 5 digits. Therefore, the best choice is C)5.

Question 8

A telemarketer set the company's computerized dialing system to contact every 25th person listed in the local telephone directory.What sampling method was used?

Accepted Answer

The telemarketer used a systematic sampling method by selecting every 25th person listed in the telephone directory. Systematic sampling involves selecting every kth member from a list or sequence.

Question 9

The evening host of a dinner dance reached into a bowl,mixed all the tickets around,and selected the ticket to award the grand door prize.What sampling method was used?

Accepted Answer

The evening host randomly mixed the tickets, meaning each ticket had an equal chance of being selected. This is a simple random sample. The other sampling methods listed do not apply to this scenario.

Question 10

Which of the following can be reduced by proper interviewer training?

Accepted Answer

Proper interviewer training can help reduce measurement error, which is the error that occurs when a question is not phrased or delivered correctly, leading to inaccurate responses. This can be improved by training interviewers to ask questions in a clear and neutral manner, avoiding leading or biased language, and ensuring that respondents understand the question being asked. However, interviewer training cannot necessarily address sampling error, which arises from issues such as non-response bias or a non-representative sample.

Question 11

To find out the potential impact of a new zoning law on a neighborhood,the legislators conduct a focus group interview by inviting the members of the housing owner's association of that neighborhood.This is an example of a

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a judgment sample because the legislators are purposefully selecting a specific group of individuals (the housing owner's association members) who they believe will have knowledge and opinions relevant to the zoning law. They are using their judgment to select this group rather than randomly or systematically choosing individuals from the population.

Question 12

Which of the following scenarios will yield a nonprobability sample?

Accepted Answer

Nonprobability sampling involves selecting items or individuals without regard to their probability of occurrence. Option A describes probability sampling, Option C refers to simple random sampling, and Option D describes systematic sampling, which is a type of probability sampling.

Question 13

The Dean of Students mailed a survey to a total of 400 students.The sample included 100 students randomly selected from each of the freshman,sophomore,junior,and senior classes on campus last term.What sampling method was used?

Accepted Answer

A stratified sample was used because the population (students) was divided into four strata (freshman, sophomore, junior, senior) and a random sample of 100 students was selected from each stratum.

Question 14

Which of the following yields a cluster sample?

Accepted Answer

In a cluster sample, the population is divided into clusters or groups and then a random sample of clusters is chosen to be included in the study. Option D is the only choice that divides the population into groups based on a specific characteristic (rows that they are seated in) and then selects a random sample of one of those groups. Therefore, option D yields a cluster sample.

Question 15

Which of the following yields a systematic sample?

Accepted Answer

A systematic sample is a sample where observations are selected at regular intervals from an ordered list. In option A, the students are divided into groups of 15 and then every 15th student is selected, which is a regular interval, making it a systematic sample. The other options do not involve regular intervals or an ordered list, making them not systematic samples.

Question 16

To demonstrate a sampling method,the instructor in a class picked the first 5 students sitting in the last row of the class.This is an example of a

Accepted Answer

This is a convenience sample because the instructor only picked students who were easily accessible to them, rather than randomly selecting from the entire class or using a predetermined criteria for selection.

Question 17

To obtain a sample of 10 books in the store,the manager walked to the first shelf next to the cash register to pick the first 10 books on that shelf.This is an example of a

Accepted Answer

This is a convenience sample because the manager chose the first 10 books they encountered rather than selecting books based on a deliberate plan or random selection.

Question 18

Which of the following yields a simple random sample?

Accepted Answer

This yields a simple random sample as every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, with selection being completely random. Option A selects only every 15th student after the first random selection, which could potentially bias the sample. Option B relies on the subjective opinion of the instructor, which may not be representative of the population. Option D selects only from one group, which may not be representative of the entire population.

Question 19

For a population frame containing N = 1,007 individuals,what code number should you assign to the first person on the list to use a table of random numbers?

Accepted Answer

To ensure each individual in a population of N = 1,007 has an equal chance of being selected using a table of random numbers, each individual must be assigned a unique code. Since the population size is 1,007, the highest number to represent an individual would be 1007, which is a four-digit number. Therefore, to maintain consistent digit length across all individuals, the first person should be assigned a code number of 0001. This allows for the use of random number tables without bias, ensuring that each individual has an equal probability of selection.

Question 20

Which of the following yields a simple random sample?

Accepted Answer

Option C involves randomly selecting from the entire population without any bias or preference, making it a simple random sample. Options A, B, and D involve some form of stratification or sampling only from a specific subset of the population, which can introduce bias into the sample.

Quiz 1: Defining and Collecting Data

Which of the following yields a stratified sample?

A population frame for a survey contains a listing of 6,179 names.Using a table of random numbers,which of the following code numbers will appear on your list?

To gather information on the preferences of instructors at universities on topics for a business statistics textbook that it will publish,a publishing company invited 10 faculty members who have adopted one of the textbooks that it has published.This is an example of a

Which of the following types of samples can you use if you want to make valid statistical inferences from a sample to a population?

A company selling apparel online sends out emails every Monday to all its customers who made a purchase.This is an example of a

Since a is not a randomly selected probability sample,there is no way to know how well it represents the overall population.

A population frame for a survey contains a listing of 72,345 names.Using a table of random numbers,how many digits will the code numbers for each member of your population contain?

A telemarketer set the company's computerized dialing system to contact every 25th person listed in the local telephone directory.What sampling method was used?

The evening host of a dinner dance reached into a bowl,mixed all the tickets around,and selected the ticket to award the grand door prize.What sampling method was used?

Which of the following can be reduced by proper interviewer training?

To find out the potential impact of a new zoning law on a neighborhood,the legislators conduct a focus group interview by inviting the members of the housing owner's association of that neighborhood.This is an example of a

Which of the following scenarios will yield a nonprobability sample?

The Dean of Students mailed a survey to a total of 400 students.The sample included 100 students randomly selected from each of the freshman,sophomore,junior,and senior classes on campus last term.What sampling method was used?

Which of the following yields a cluster sample?

Which of the following yields a systematic sample?

To demonstrate a sampling method,the instructor in a class picked the first 5 students sitting in the last row of the class.This is an example of a

To obtain a sample of 10 books in the store,the manager walked to the first shelf next to the cash register to pick the first 10 books on that shelf.This is an example of a

Which of the following yields a simple random sample?

For a population frame containing N = 1,007 individuals,what code number should you assign to the first person on the list to use a table of random numbers?

Which of the following yields a simple random sample?