Question 1

A student's dormitory room number is an example of

Accepted Answer

The student's dormitory room number is an example of a categorical variable because it consists of a limited number of distinct categories (room numbers). It is not a quantitative variable because it cannot be measured or mathematically manipulated. It is also not an exchange variable as that is not a statistical term.

Question 2

The number of observations will always be the same as the

Accepted Answer

The number of observations refers to the total count of data points collected or recorded in a study, which directly corresponds to the number of elements (individual items or cases) being observed or measured. The other options, such as the number of variables, population size, and sample size, describe different aspects of a dataset or study design and do not necessarily equate to the number of observations.

Question 3

Cost of a theater ticket is an example of

Accepted Answer

The cost of a theater ticket is a numerical value that can be measured, making it an example of quantitative data.

Question 4

The summaries of data, which may be tabular, graphical, or numerical, are referred to as _____ statistics.

Accepted Answer

Descriptive statistics are used to summarize and describe the main features of a dataset. This can include measures such as the mean, median, and mode, as well as graphs and charts to display the data. In contrast, inferential statistics are used to make predictions or draw conclusions about a larger population based on a smaller sample, while observational and experimental statistics refer to the type of study design used to collect the data.

Question 5

In a sample of 800 students in a university, 240 or 30% are Business majors. The 30% is an example of

Accepted Answer

The 30% represents a characteristic (percentage) of a group within the sample, which is an example of descriptive statistics. Descriptive statistics summarize and describe the features of a dataset.

Question 6

Statistical studies in which researchers control variables of interest are _____ studies.

Accepted Answer

Experimental studies involve manipulating and controlling variables of interest to observe their effect on an outcome.

Question 7

Categorical data

Accepted Answer

Categorical data are labels used to identify attributes of elements, such as hair color, eye color, or a type of car. They do not indicate how much or how many, and can be numeric or nonnumeric.

Question 8

For ease of data entry into a university database, 1 denotes that the student is a freshman, 2 indicates a sophomore, 3 indicates a junior, and 4 indicates that the student is a senior. In this case, data are

Accepted Answer

The data is categorical as it consists of distinct categories (freshman, sophomore, junior, senior) and does not represent a numerical measurement.

Question 9

In a sample of 400 students in a university, 80 or 20% are Business majors. Based on the above information, the school's paper reported that "20% of all the students at the university are Business majors." This report is an example of

Accepted Answer

The report makes a generalization about the entire university student population based on a sample of 400 students, which is an example of statistical inference.

Question 10

Categorical data

Accepted Answer

Categorical data can be either numeric or nonnumeric, but they are not measured on a continuous scale like interval or ratio data. Examples of categorical data include gender, religion, and occupation.

Question 11

Ordinary arithmetic operations are meaningful

Accepted Answer

Ordinary arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) are only meaningful with quantitative data, which includes numerical values such as age, weight, height, income, and temperature. Categorical data, on the other hand, consists of non-numerical values that represent different categories or groups, like gender, race, or political affiliation. Therefore, option A and C are incorrect, and option D does not make sense since arithmetic operations by definition require the use of numbers.

Question 12

Data collected at the same, or approximately the same point in time are _____ data.

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional data are collected at the same point in time for a group or sample of individuals, whereas time series data are collected over time for a single individual or population. Approximate time series and approximate data are not accurate terms for describing data collection methods.

Question 13

Statistical studies in which researchers do not control variables of interest are _____ studies.

Accepted Answer

Observational studies are those in which researchers simply observe and measure variables of interest without controlling them. In contrast, experimental studies involve the manipulation of variables to observe their effect on an outcome, while inferential studies are those that use data to infer conclusions about a larger population. Random variable is a concept used in probability theory and statistics to describe a variable whose value is determined by chance.

Question 14

Statistical inference

Accepted Answer

Statistical inference involves using information obtained from a sample to make inferences or predictions about the population from which the sample was drawn. It is the opposite of descriptive statistics, which focuses on summarizing and describing the characteristics of a sample or population without making any inferences about it. A census is a complete enumeration of the population, whereas statistical inference is based on sampling only a portion of the population.

Question 15

A portion selected to represent the whole is called a

Accepted Answer

A sample is a portion selected to represent the whole. A survey is a method used to collect data, a population is the entire group being studied, and a census is a count of the entire population.

Question 16

The collection of all elements of interest in a study is

Accepted Answer

The population refers to the entire group of individuals, objects, or events that the researcher is interested in studying. This group is the collection of all elements of interest and is the basis for generalizations and statistical inferences about the larger group. The sample, on the other hand, is a subset of the population that is used to represent the larger group and make inferences about it. A survey is a method of collecting data from a sample or population, and a census is a type of survey that aims to collect data from every individual in the population. However, neither of these terms refer specifically to the collection of all elements of interest in a study.

Question 17

Data collected over several time periods are _____ data.

Accepted Answer

Data collected over several time periods is referred to as time series data. Time series data are used for analyzing and forecasting trends, patterns, and cycles in data over time.

Question 18

Five hundred residents of a city with a population of 240,495 are polled to obtain information on voting intentions in an upcoming city election. The five hundred residents in this study is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

The 500 residents in this study represent a subset, or sample, of the larger population of the city. A census would involve gathering information from every single member of the population, which is not practical or feasible in most cases. Observation refers to the act of observing behavior or events, which is not applicable in this scenario. Population refers to the entire group of individuals being studied, which in this case is the entire city population.

Question 19

Arithmetic operations are inappropriate for

Accepted Answer

Arithmetic operations involve mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division which are only applicable to quantitative data or continuous variables. Categorical data, on the other hand, are non-numeric and do not have a meaningful order or hierarchy, making arithmetic operations irrelevant.

Question 20

Goals scored in a soccer game is an example of

Accepted Answer

Goals scored in a soccer game is a quantitative variable, as it involves numerical data that can be measured and compared.

Quiz 1: Data and Statistics

A student's dormitory room number is an example of

The number of observations will always be the same as the

Cost of a theater ticket is an example of

The summaries of data, which may be tabular, graphical, or numerical, are referred to as _____ statistics.

In a sample of 800 students in a university, 240 or 30% are Business majors. The 30% is an example of

Statistical studies in which researchers control variables of interest are _____ studies.

Categorical data

For ease of data entry into a university database, 1 denotes that the student is a freshman, 2 indicates a sophomore, 3 indicates a junior, and 4 indicates that the student is a senior. In this case, data are

In a sample of 400 students in a university, 80 or 20% are Business majors. Based on the above information, the school's paper reported that "20% of all the students at the university are Business majors." This report is an example of

Categorical data

Ordinary arithmetic operations are meaningful

Data collected at the same, or approximately the same point in time are _____ data.

Statistical studies in which researchers do not control variables of interest are _____ studies.

Statistical inference

A portion selected to represent the whole is called a

The collection of all elements of interest in a study is

Data collected over several time periods are _____ data.

Five hundred residents of a city with a population of 240,495 are polled to obtain information on voting intentions in an upcoming city election. The five hundred residents in this study is an example of a(n)

Arithmetic operations are inappropriate for

Goals scored in a soccer game is an example of