Question 1

A number of studies have concluded that black male workers earn about ________ percent less than white males due to labor-market discrimination.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A number of studies have concluded that...

Question 2

Which of the following is (are)examples of discriminatory practices?

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed are examples of discriminatory practices. Lower wages, fewer employment opportunities, and higher prices for certain groups indicate unfair and unequal treatment based on characteristics such as race, gender, age, or disability. Discrimination can negatively impact individuals and perpetuate inequality within society.

Question 3

To the extent that labor market discrimination exists in a country:

Accepted Answer

Labor market discrimination involves not hiring or paying certain groups of individuals based on factors other than their job performance, such as their race, gender, or age. This means that the country is not allocating resources efficiently because it is not selecting the most qualified candidates for a particular job. As a result, productivity decreases and the economy suffers. Therefore, option A is the correct choice.

Question 4

Suppose that racism and sexism don't exist on the customer side of perfectly competitive markets.Then, according to the text, competition among profit-maximizing firms:

Accepted Answer

In a perfectly competitive market, firms are profit-maximizing and face competition from other firms. If racism and sexism do not exist on the customer side, firms that engage in discriminatory hiring practices would incur higher costs by not hiring the best or most cost-effective employees. Over time, competition would pressure these firms to eliminate discriminatory practices to lower costs and remain competitive, leading to the elimination of both racism and sexism on the part of employers.

Question 5

Reference: 1999 
-(Exhibit: Discrimination)If blacks and whites have the same supply curve S, while blacks have demand curve D and whites have demand curve D?, employment for blacks will be given by:

Accepted Answer

If blacks and whites have the same supply curve and blacks have a lower demand curve D than whites, then the equilibrium price for blacks will be lower than that for whites. This means that the quantity of employment for blacks will be lower as well. Therefore, employment for blacks will be given by L, which represents the quantity of employment at the equilibrium price for black workers. M represents the quantity of employment at the equilibrium price for white workers, which is higher than that for blacks. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

Question 6

If blacks are discriminated against in the labor market relative to whites, then the wage paid to blacks will be _______ whites and the number of blacks employed will be ______ whites, all other things equal.

Accepted Answer

If blacks are discriminated against in the labor market, they are likely to be paid less than whites for similar work, and fewer blacks would be employed compared to whites, all other things being equal. This reflects both wage and employment discrimination.

Question 7

Reference: 1995 
-(Exhibit: Discrimination Model)If blacks and whites have the same supply curve, but employers have discriminatory attitudes that cause them to assume a black worker is less productive, the wage of whites will be _______ , the quantity of whites hired will be ________ , the wage of blacks will be _______ , and the quantity of blacks hired will be ________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reference: 1995 
-(Exhibit: Discrimination Model)If blacks and...

Question 8

Reference: 1999 
-(Exhibit: Discrimination)If blacks and whites have the same supply curve S, while blacks have demand curve D and whites have demand curve D?, the wage for whites will be given by:

Accepted Answer

The wage for whites is determined by the intersection of their demand curve (D') and the common supply curve (S), which is represented by point J.

Question 9

Reference: 1999 
-(Exhibit: Discrimination)If blacks and whites have the same supply curve S, while blacks have demand curve D and whites have demand curve D?, the wage rate for blacks will be given by:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reference: 1999 
-(Exhibit: Discrimination)If blacks and whites...

Question 10

Poverty can be defined either in absolute terms or in relative terms.

Accepted Answer

Poverty can be defined in absolute terms as a lack of basic necessities like food, shelter, and clothing. It can also be defined in relative terms, which means the inability to attain the standard of living of those in a particular society or community.

Question 11

The poverty line is the same regardless of the number of members in a household.

Accepted Answer

The poverty line often varies depending on the number of members in a household, as the cost of living and expenses increase with each additional member, requiring adjustments to accurately reflect the household's financial needs.

Question 12

Reference: 1999 
-(Exhibit: Discrimination)If blacks and whites have the same supply curve S, while blacks have demand curve D and whites have demand curve D?, employment for whites will be given by:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reference: 1999 
-(Exhibit: Discrimination)If blacks and whites...

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Discrimination can indeed reduce the perceived marginal revenue products of some groups of workers, leading to lower wages for those groups.

Question 14

Affirmative action attempts to eliminate discrimination by:

Accepted Answer

Affirmative action involves policies and actions aimed at increasing the representation of underrepresented groups in education, employment, and other areas. By increasing the demand for specific groups of labor, affirmative action attempts to achieve this goal by providing these groups with employment opportunities and reducing discrimination against them. Options A, B, and D are not directly related to the goal of eliminating discrimination.

Question 15

Poverty tends to be more severe for the elderly over the age of 65 than for females who are the head of a household without husbands present.

Accepted Answer

Poverty rates among elderly individuals have decreased significantly in many countries due to social security and pension systems, whereas female-headed households without a male earner often face higher poverty rates due to lower income, employment disparities, and greater caregiving responsibilities.

Question 16

Reference: 1995 
-(Exhibit: Discrimination Model)If blacks and whites have the same supply curve, but employers have discriminatory attitudes that cause them to assume a black worker is less productive, the wage of whites will be _______ , the wage of blacks will be _______ , and the quantity hired of whites will be _______ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Reference: 1995 
-(Exhibit: Discrimination Model)If blacks and...

Question 17

If discrimination against blacks in the labor market is eliminated, then the wage paid to blacks will _______ and the number of blacks employed will _______ .

Accepted Answer

Eliminating discrimination against blacks in the labor market would allow them to have equal access to job opportunities and therefore increase their demand in the labor market. With an increase in demand for their labor, the wage paid to blacks would increase as employers compete for their services. Meanwhile, the increase in demand for labor among black workers would also lead to an increase in the number of blacks employed in the labor market.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

According to research, wage gaps between women and white males have fallen since the 1950s, although the gap between women and men has not decreased significantly since the 1980s. Choices A and B are incorrect because federal legislation and affirmative action programs aim to prevent discrimination and promote equal opportunities among individuals. Choice D is also incorrect because the wage gap between males and females has not significantly widened since 1980, although progress in reducing the gap has slowed down in recent years.

Question 19

All of the following are possible sources of discrimination against black workers EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

This statement suggests that black workers prefer to work with white workers, which is an unlikely source of discrimination against black workers. The other options all suggest that employers, co-workers, or customers hold negative biases against black workers.

Question 20

Much of the recently declining wage gap between white males and blacks and women is due to _______ blacks and women, but some of the decline is due to _______ .

Accepted Answer

The acquisition of human capital by blacks and women contributes to the declining wage gap by increasing their skills and productivity, making them more valuable to employers. Additionally, a decrease in discrimination also plays a role in the declining wage gap, as employers become more willing to hire and pay fair wages to minority and female workers. Option A is incorrect because an increase in labor-market participation alone would not necessarily lead to a decline in the wage gap. Option C is incorrect because the elimination of affirmative action would likely have the opposite effect on the wage gap. Option D is also incorrect, as an increase in discrimination against blacks and women would widen, not reduce, the wage gap.

Quiz 19: Inequality, Poverty, and Discrimination

A number of studies have concluded that black male workers earn about ________ percent less than white males due to labor-market discrimination.

Which of the following is (are) examples of discriminatory practices?

To the extent that labor market discrimination exists in a country:

Suppose that racism and sexism don't exist on the customer side of perfectly competitive markets.Then, according to the text, competition among profit-maximizing firms:

Reference: 1999 -(Exhibit: Discrimination) If blacks and whites have the same supply curve S, while blacks have demand curve D and whites have demand curve D?, employment for blacks will be given by:

If blacks are discriminated against in the labor market relative to whites, then the wage paid to blacks will be _ whites and the number of blacks employed will be whites, all other things equal.

Reference: 1999 -(Exhibit: Discrimination) If blacks and whites have the same supply curve S, while blacks have demand curve D and whites have demand curve D?, the wage for whites will be given by:

Reference: 1999 -(Exhibit: Discrimination) If blacks and whites have the same supply curve S, while blacks have demand curve D and whites have demand curve D?, the wage rate for blacks will be given by:

Poverty can be defined either in absolute terms or in relative terms.

The poverty line is the same regardless of the number of members in a household.

Reference: 1999 -(Exhibit: Discrimination) If blacks and whites have the same supply curve S, while blacks have demand curve D and whites have demand curve D?, employment for whites will be given by:

Which of the following statements is true?

Affirmative action attempts to eliminate discrimination by:

Poverty tends to be more severe for the elderly over the age of 65 than for females who are the head of a household without husbands present.

If discrimination against blacks in the labor market is eliminated, then the wage paid to blacks will _ and the number of blacks employed will _ .

Which of the following statements is true?

All of the following are possible sources of discrimination against black workers EXCEPT:

Much of the recently declining wage gap between white males and blacks and women is due to _ blacks and women, but some of the decline is due to _ .