Question 1

Scientific Explanation in Psychological Science Fred heard a loud crash and left his study to investigate.He found his playful, 100-pound German shepherd, Hobbes, cowering near an overturned dining room table.Since he did not observe this act of domestic mayhem, he can only establish a _____ relationship between Hobbes and the table.

Accepted Answer

Since Fred did not observe the act, he cannot establish a necessary or necessary and sufficient relationship between Hobbes and the table. He also cannot establish a temporal relationship since he does not know when the event occurred. The only relationship he can establish is a spatial one since he found Hobbes cowering near the overturned table.

Question 2

From Pseudoscience to Psychological Science Which of the following illustrates a modern pseudoscience?

Accepted Answer

All of the listed options have been considered pseudoscientific in the past, but research has emerged to support the effectiveness and validity of certain aspects of each approach. Eye movement desensitization therapy has shown promise in treating post-traumatic stress disorder, while neurolinguistic programming has been used effectively in some coaching and therapy contexts. Reparenting, although still controversial, has evolved into several evidence-based forms of family and psychotherapeutic interventions. Therefore, while they may have started as pseudosciences, they have since become integrated into the field of psychological science.

Question 3

The Characteristics of Modern Science According to Schlegel (1972), _____ strongly influence what we decide to observe.

Accepted Answer

Theories strongly influence what scientists decide to observe as they provide a framework for understanding phenomena and guide the direction of research.

Question 4

Scientific Explanation in Psychological Science Laboratory experiments may trade _____ for precision.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Scientific Explanation in Psychological Science Laboratory experiments...

Question 5

The Characteristics of Modern Science When there are several competing explanations of a scientific finding, the
Principle of _____ gives preference to the simplest one.

Accepted Answer

The Principle of Parsimony, also known as Occam's Razor, states that when there are multiple competing explanations for a phenomenon, the simplest explanation is most likely the correct one.

Question 6

The Characteristics of Modern Science Researchers should use _____ to counteract the influence of theories on their selection of questions for study.

Accepted Answer

Good thinking involves using logic and critical thinking to ensure that researchers remain objective and unbiased in their selection of research questions, counteracting the influence of pre-existing theories.

Question 7

The Characteristics of Modern Science Good thinking means that our collection and interpretation of data should be

Accepted Answer

Good thinking in modern science requires all of these characteristics - systematic collection and interpretation of data, objective analysis, and rational reasoning. Without these qualities, scientific investigations can be biased, incomplete, or unreliable.

Question 8

The Characteristics of Modern Science Wally disproved Julie's assertion that "he only thinks about himself" by
Recalling when he helped start her car in freezing weather.Which principle did
Wally use?

Accepted Answer

Wally used modus tollens, a logical principle that involves proving the truth of a statement by disproving its opposite. In this case, Julie's assertion that Wally only thinks about himself was disproven by recalling a time when he helped her start her car in freezing weather, which contradicts the assertion.

Question 9

The Characteristics of Modern Science Schlegel (1972) cautioned that theories can determine

Accepted Answer

Schlegel's caution implies that theories play a critical role in shaping not only our interpretation and reporting of observations but also the selection of what we observe. Therefore, all of these options are correct.

Question 10

Scientific Explanation in Psychological Science In experiments, researchers most often achieve control over possible
Explanations by

Accepted Answer

Using random assignment, presenting treatments identically to all subjects, and controlling the environment, procedures, and instruments for all subjects are all methods to achieve control over possible explanations in experiments. Therefore, using all three methods together (D) is the best choice for achieving maximum control.

Question 11

The Characteristics of Modern Science Who described the role of the "weight of evidence" in revising scientific
Explanations?

Accepted Answer

Sir Carl Popper emphasized the importance of falsifiability in science, arguing that scientific theories should be tested and potentially falsified by evidence, rather than being proven. This approach inherently involves the "weight of evidence" in revising scientific explanations.

Question 12

Scientific Explanation in Psychological Science All of the following predictions meet the minimum requirements for an
Experiment except:

Accepted Answer

The prediction about a volcano erupting after an earthquake is not related to psychological science and does not involve human behavior or mental processes.

Question 13

The Characteristics of Modern Science Which of the following illustrates empirical data?

Accepted Answer

Empirical data refers to information that is obtained through observation or experimentation. One's reaction time can be measured and observed, whereas attitudes, concepts, and memories are subjective and cannot be directly observed or measured.

Quiz 1: Experimental Psychology and the Scientific Method

From Pseudoscience to Psychological Science Which of the following illustrates a modern pseudoscience?

The Characteristics of Modern Science According to Schlegel (1972) , _____ strongly influence what we decide to observe.

Scientific Explanation in Psychological Science Laboratory experiments may trade _____ for precision.

The Characteristics of Modern Science When there are several competing explanations of a scientific finding, the Principle of _____ gives preference to the simplest one.

The Characteristics of Modern Science Researchers should use _____ to counteract the influence of theories on their selection of questions for study.

The Characteristics of Modern Science Good thinking means that our collection and interpretation of data should be

The Characteristics of Modern Science Wally disproved Julie's assertion that "he only thinks about himself" by Recalling when he helped start her car in freezing weather.Which principle did Wally use?

The Characteristics of Modern Science Schlegel (1972) cautioned that theories can determine

Scientific Explanation in Psychological Science In experiments, researchers most often achieve control over possible Explanations by

The Characteristics of Modern Science Who described the role of the "weight of evidence" in revising scientific Explanations?

Scientific Explanation in Psychological Science All of the following predictions meet the minimum requirements for an Experiment except:

The Characteristics of Modern Science Which of the following illustrates empirical data?