Question 1

A normal DNA sequence is 5′-GTA GCA TCA CCA-3′. If the DNA sequence mutated to 5′-GCA GCA TTC ACC A-3′, this would be a ________ mutation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A normal DNA sequence is 5′-GTA GCA...

Question 2

Translation continues until which codon is reached?

Accepted Answer

Translation will only stop when one of the stop codons (UAA, UAG, or UGA) is reached. The other options given (AUG and UAA or AUG) are not necessarily the end of translation - AUG codes for methionine, which is typically the start codon, and UAA or AUG would only stop translation if they are encountered in the right reading frame as a stop codon.

Question 3

What is the DNA sequence that the codon shown below was translated from?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the DNA sequence that the...

Question 4

In the following tRNA, how are IV and III connected?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the following tRNA, how are IV...

Question 5

Approximately how many people are infected with HIV in the world?

Accepted Answer

As of my last update in 2023, approximately 38 million people worldwide are living with HIV/AIDS, making option E the closest estimate.

Question 6

A normal DNA sequence is 5′-GTA GCA TCA CCA-5′. If the DNA sequence mutated to 5′-GCA GCA TTC ACC A-3′, how would the peptide sequence be affected?

Accepted Answer

The mutation in the DNA sequence changes a single nucleotide, causing a change from the codon for histidine (CAC) to the codon for glutamine (CAA). This means that all amino acids downstream of the mutation (in the resulting peptide sequence) would have a different amino acid inserted than in the original sequence, resulting in a potentially different protein with altered function.

Question 7

A mRNA sequence that codes for a protein is 5′-CAA GGG UAC-3′. Which of the following choices is NOT a mutation of this sequence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A mRNA sequence that codes for a...

Question 8

A normal DNA sequence is 5′-GTA GCA TCA CCA-3′. If the DNA sequence mutated to 5′-GCA GCA TCA CCA-3′, how would the peptide sequence be affected?

Accepted Answer

The mutation changes one base in the original DNA sequence, resulting in a change from a histidine (CAT) to an arginine (CGA). This changes the codon for the amino acid at that position in the peptide sequence.

Question 9

The diagram shown below illustrates

Accepted Answer

The answer of The diagram shown below illustrates 
...

Question 10

A normal DNA sequence is 5′-GTA GCA TCA CCA-3′. If the DNA sequence mutated to 5′-GCA GCA TCA CCA-3′, this would be a ________ mutation.

Accepted Answer

The mutated sequence differs from the normal sequence by a change in a single nucleotide. This is a substitution mutation.

Question 11

The codon is labeled _________ while the anticodon is _________.

Accepted Answer

The codon is labeled IV because it is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis. The anticodon is labeled III because it is a sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that is complementary to the codon in mRNA and brings the corresponding amino acid to the ribosome.

Question 12

What is the definition of a genetic mutation?

Accepted Answer

A genetic mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA, which can affect the primary structure of a protein. This can occur through a chemical change to a gene, such as a substitution, deletion, or insertion of a nucleotide. It is not just any damage to DNA or a physical change to DNA, but rather a specific change to the genetic information within DNA. A break in a DNA strand could potentially lead to a mutation, but it would not necessarily always result in one.

Question 13

Refer to the genetic code to determine which of the following mRNAs could code for a protein containing the amino acid sequence phe-arg-ala. I. 5′-UUU CGU GCU-3′
II) 5′-UUC CGG GCG-3′
III) 5′-UUU AGA GCC-3′

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the genetic code to determine...

Question 14

In the diagram below, letter F is _______, letter E is__________, and letter B is____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the diagram below, letter F is...

Question 15

Refer to the genetic code to determine which of the following mutations would result in a substitution of an amino acid into the protein.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the genetic code to determine...

Question 16

Using the genetic code table, identify the amino acid attached to this tRNA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using the genetic code table, identify the...

Question 17

How is the amino acid attached to the tRNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How is the amino acid attached to...

Question 18

What does this figure represent?

Accepted Answer

The figure represents a tRNA molecule bound to an mRNA molecule. The "TB34225555_00" in the file name may indicate that this is a sequence of a specific tRNA and mRNA pair.

Question 19

Once the amino acid is inserted into the growing chain, the ribosome must shift to read the next codon in a process known as

Accepted Answer

The process of shifting the ribosome to read the next codon is referred to as translocation. Transcription refers to the process of making an RNA copy of a DNA sequence, while translation is the process of synthesizing a protein from an mRNA sequence. Elongation refers to the process of adding amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain, and termination refers to the process of ending translation by releasing the completed protein.

Question 20

What does letter G represent in the following diagram?

Accepted Answer

In the diagram, the growing protein is represented by a chain of amino acids and the letter G is on the next amino acid that is being added to the chain. Therefore, letter G represents the growing protein.

Quiz 14: Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids