Question 1

Economists found evidence of discrimination in each of the following markets except

Accepted Answer

The passage states that economists found evidence of discrimination in 1960s baseball games, baseball cards, and live basketball games in the 1980s. However, there is no mention of discrimination being found in the current era baseball games.

Question 2

In the early twentieth century, streetcars in many southern cities were segregated by race. This racial segregation was the result of

Accepted Answer

The racial segregation on southern streetcars was primarily enforced through laws that required such segregation, such as Jim Crow laws. While there may have been underlying traditions and economic factors at play, the legal mandate for segregation was the driving force behind this practice.

Question 3

Evidence from a study of the market for baseball players using 1960s data

Accepted Answer

The study found evidence of consumer-driven wage discrimination in the baseball player market, meaning that the salaries of players were influenced by factors such as popularity and fan appeal rather than solely on their performance or productivity. The study did not support option A, as strong player associations may not necessarily prevent wage discrimination. Option B is also incorrect, as government regulation was not found to have a significant impact on wage discrimination in this study. Option D appears to be unrelated to the findings of the study.

Question 4

Studies of discrimination in baseball suggest that black players

Accepted Answer

Studies indicate that while black players faced wage discrimination in the past, efforts over the years have largely eliminated these wage differentials.

Question 5

Studies of professional sports teams suggest that, in sports, racial discrimination in previous decades was

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that racial discrimination in sports was common in previous decades, and it is often attributed to the preferences and biases of the fans, which influenced team owners' decisions.

Question 6

In discussing discrimination and the wage differences that exist between men and women and between blacks and whites, it has been said that "the disease is political even if the symptom is economic." What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In discussing discrimination and the wage differences...

Question 7

Evidence from a 1988 study of the market for professional basketball players

Accepted Answer

The 1988 study found some evidence of consumer-driven wage discrimination in the market for professional basketball players. This suggests that factors such as fan preferences and bias may play a role in determining player salaries.

Question 8

Why do economists study sports teams when looking for evidence of labor-market discrimination?

Accepted Answer

Economists study sports teams when looking for evidence of labor-market discrimination because the wide availability of performance statistics allows economists to control for individual player productivity in ways that are difficult to do for other types of firms. This helps economists isolate the effects of discrimination on player salaries more accurately.

Question 9

The example of segregated streetcars in the southern United States in the early twentieth century is one example of

Accepted Answer

The example of segregated streetcars in the southern United States in the early twentieth century is an example of government-mandated racial discrimination. State and local laws mandated the segregation of public transportation, including streetcars, which were operated by private companies. In some cases, the government even mandated that the races use different doors or sit in different parts of the streetcar.

Question 10

The competition experiment conducted by economists Muriel Niederle and Lise Vesterlund was consistent with the results of Terry Odean which were that

Accepted Answer

The experiment conducted by Niederle and Vesterlund found that men were more likely to choose competition over a guaranteed payment, while women were more likely to choose the guaranteed payment. This is consistent with Odean's research, which found that men tend to trade stocks excessively while women adopt a buy-and-hold strategy. Therefore, the answer is C.

Question 11

In the early twentieth century, racial segregation of streetcars in the southern cities was largely opposed by

Accepted Answer

Streetcar firms often opposed racial segregation because it was costly and complicated to enforce, and they were primarily interested in maximizing profits by serving as many customers as possible.

Question 12

A 1986 study of segregation on early 20th century U.S. streetcars found that the primary source of racial segregation on streetcars was

Accepted Answer

The study found that racial segregation on streetcars was primarily enforced through laws passed by the government, rather than traditions, company policies, or threats of boycotts.

Question 13

A 1990 study of the market for collectable baseball cards suggested

Accepted Answer

The study found that there was price discrimination on the basis of race, with cards for white players being more expensive than those for comparable black players. There was no evidence of discrimination based on player position or consumer-driven race discrimination.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is not correct?

Accepted Answer

The theory of compensating wage differentials actually reflects differences in job characteristics, such as risk or desirability, rather than differences in worker skills, abilities, or productivity.

Question 15

As a result of their experiment economists Muriel Niederle and Lise Vesterlund found that

Accepted Answer

Niederle and Vesterlund found that in their experiment, women chose competitive environments less often than men did. Therefore, choice C is the best answer. The other options are not supported by the experiment's findings.

Question 16

In the early 20th century, segregation of street cars made streetcar companies

Accepted Answer

Segregation required additional resources, such as separate cars or sections, which increased operational costs and reduced efficiency, making it less profitable. Private streetcar companies generally opposed segregation because it was not economically beneficial for them.

Question 17

Which of the following factors affects the marginal productivity of a worker?

Accepted Answer

The marginal productivity of a worker is affected by factors such as the worker's human capital, which includes their knowledge, skills, and experience. This factor can influence how productive a worker is and their ability to generate additional output with each unit of labor. The other options, such as a worker's disposable income, compensating wage differentials, or discrimination, do not directly impact a worker's marginal productivity.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is not correct?

Accepted Answer

Differences in earnings of whites and blacks or men and women cannot necessarily provide clear evidence of discrimination as there are numerous other factors that can contribute to these differences, such as education, experience, and job type. It is possible that some of these differences are due to discrimination, but it is not a definitive conclusion.

Question 19

The case study of segregated street cars in southern cities illustrates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The case study of segregated street cars in southern cities shows that firms usually care more about maximizing profits than discriminating against certain customers. Segregation laws were supported by local businesses and patrons because they believed that segregation would attract more white customers and increase profits. However, some streetcar owners also opposed segregation laws because it hurt their profits due to decreased efficiency and increased expenses in implementing segregated systems.

Question 20

In the experiment conducted by economists Muriel Niederle and Lise Vesterlund

Accepted Answer

The experiment by Niederle and Vesterlund found that men were more likely to believe they won the tournament, indicating overconfidence compared to women.

Quiz 19: Earnings and Discrimination

Economists found evidence of discrimination in each of the following markets except

In the early twentieth century, streetcars in many southern cities were segregated by race. This racial segregation was the result of

Evidence from a study of the market for baseball players using 1960s data

Studies of discrimination in baseball suggest that black players

Studies of professional sports teams suggest that, in sports, racial discrimination in previous decades was

In discussing discrimination and the wage differences that exist between men and women and between blacks and whites, it has been said that "the disease is political even if the symptom is economic." What does this mean?

Evidence from a 1988 study of the market for professional basketball players

Why do economists study sports teams when looking for evidence of labor-market discrimination?

The example of segregated streetcars in the southern United States in the early twentieth century is one example of

The competition experiment conducted by economists Muriel Niederle and Lise Vesterlund was consistent with the results of Terry Odean which were that

In the early twentieth century, racial segregation of streetcars in the southern cities was largely opposed by

A 1986 study of segregation on early 20th century U.S. streetcars found that the primary source of racial segregation on streetcars was

A 1990 study of the market for collectable baseball cards suggested

Which of the following statements is not correct?

As a result of their experiment economists Muriel Niederle and Lise Vesterlund found that

In the early 20th century, segregation of street cars made streetcar companies

Which of the following factors affects the marginal productivity of a worker?

Which of the following statements is not correct?

The case study of segregated street cars in southern cities illustrates which of the following?

In the experiment conducted by economists Muriel Niederle and Lise Vesterlund