Question 1

Default network of the brain refers to regions of the brain that are most at rest.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Default network of the brain refers to...

Question 2

Reduced frontal recruitment in aging is dependent.

Accepted Answer

Reduced frontal recruitment in aging has been found to be particularly dependent on context, meaning that older adults may have difficulty activating frontal brain regions when the task demands are more complex or less familiar. This can result in decreased cognitive performance on tasks that require working memory, attention, and decision-making.

Question 3

Which one of the following part of the brain is preserved from aging?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which one of the following part of...

Question 4

Reduced brain activation or of the prefrontal cortex occurs during intentional cognitive processing.

Accepted Answer

Reduced brain activation during intentional cognitive processing is referred to as under-recruitment.

Question 5

Older adults form Western cultures showed significantly object-processing adaptation in the lateral occipital complex.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Older adults form Western cultures showed significantly...

Question 6

Research findings have shown an association between bilateral activation in older adults and performance in a number of tasks, including memory tasks.

Accepted Answer

The statement indicates that bilateral activation in older adults is associated with higher performance in tasks, including memory tasks. The options (A) and (D), which suggest lower performance, are incorrect. (B) suggests performance in working memory tasks, while the statement mentions all memory tasks, so (C), which suggests higher performance in all memory tasks, is the best choice.

Question 7

The overall finding is that reduced working memory performance is related to activation of the anterior cingulated cortex in older adults compared to younger adults.

Accepted Answer

The sentence states that reduced working memory performance is related to activation of the anterior cingulate cortex in older adults compared to younger adults. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a decrease in working memory performance in older adults compared to younger adults.

Question 8

Compensation is the brain's response to .

Accepted Answer

Compensation is the brain's response to challenge, which involves adapting and finding alternative ways to accomplish a task. This can include developing new neural pathways, modifying behaviors, or relying on other cognitive or motor skills to make up for areas that may be weakened or damaged. Compensation can occur after injury, aging, or disease, and helps individuals to maintain function and independence.

Question 9

Activation of both left and right prefrontal areas of the brain is called activation.

Accepted Answer

Activation of both left and right prefrontal areas is called bilateral activation.

Question 10

The scaffolding theory of cognitive aging model (STAC) suggest that the reason older adults continue to perform at levels despite neuronal deterioration is because of compensatory scaffolding.

Accepted Answer

According to the STAC model, older adults use compensatory scaffolding to maintain performance despite neuronal deterioration. This suggests that the level of scaffolding may be high in older adults compared to younger adults who do not require such compensatory mechanisms.

Question 11

Emotional processing areas of the brain are whereas higher-order executive cognitive process seems to .

Accepted Answer

According to the sentence, emotional processing areas of the brain are preserved whereas higher-order executive cognitive processes seem to decline. Therefore, the best choice is A, which means that emotional processing areas are preserved while higher-order executive cognitive processes decline.

Question 12

is a multifaceted concept that applies across the life span, and involves the interaction between the brain and the environment and is mostly used to describe the effects of experience on the structure and functions of the neural system.

Accepted Answer

Plasticity is the concept that describes the malleability of the neural system in response to experiences and environmental factors. This concept applies across the entire lifespan and plays a crucial role in learning, memory, and recovery from brain injuries.

Question 13

Evidence has shown that the in frontal activity in older adults may be a response to the efficiency of neural processing related to the perceptual areas of the brain.

Accepted Answer

The sentence states that there is evidence of "the efficiency of neural processing related to the perceptual areas of the brain" in older adults. This suggests that there is an increase in efficiency, which would lead to decreased frontal activity as the brain requires less effort to process information. Therefore, choice D is the best option.

Question 14

Park and Reuter-Lorenz argue, that the integrative approach embraces a lifelong potential for plasticity and the ability to to age-related changes.

Accepted Answer

The word "plasticity" refers to the ability to adapt and change, which is best represented by option B: adapt. Therefore, the best choice is B.

Question 15

Older adults from East Asia showed almost adaptation in the lateral occipital complex.

Accepted Answer

The statement "almost no adaptation" suggests that there was very little, if any, adaptation observed in the lateral occipital complex of older adults from East Asia. Therefore, the best choice is A) no.

Question 16

Overall, age-related change seems to have more profound effect on changes in brain than .

Accepted Answer

The statement in the question suggests that age-related change affects functioning in the brain more than culture or environment. Therefore, the answer should be D, as it directly contrasts functioning with culture. Option A does not directly contrast activation with environment and Option C discusses systems instead of functioning or culture.

Question 17

Most significant findings in the cognitive aging neuroscience literature is the observed of neural activation patterns when comparing younger and older adults' brain activity during the performance of cognitive tasks.

Accepted Answer

The term "discontinuity" best describes the observed differences in neural activation patterns between younger and older adults. This term suggests that there is a distinct break or interruption in the cognitive functioning of older adults compared to younger adults, rather than a smooth or continuous decline.

Question 18

Lateral occipital complex is involved in processing.

Accepted Answer

The lateral occipital complex is a part of the visual processing system in the brain, specifically for processing complex visual stimuli such as objects and scenes.

Question 19

The anterior cingulated cortex is affiliated with the prefrontal cortex and is involved in control.

Accepted Answer

The anterior cingulate cortex is primarily involved in executive control, which includes decision making, inhibiting responses, and regulating emotions. While it may also play a role in cognitive and attention processes, it is most strongly associated with executive functions. Therefore, choice D, "executive," is the best answer.

Question 20

Bilateral activation in older adults may serve a functional and supportive role in their functioning.

Accepted Answer

Bilateral activation has been found to have a positive correlation with cognitive functioning in older adults. It has been shown to improve memory, attention, and executive functioning, which are all important aspects of cognitive function. Conscious and unconscious functioning are not directly related to bilateral activation, and cultural functioning is unlikely to be impacted by this neurological phenomenon.

Quiz 2: Neuroscience As a Basis for Adult Development and Aging