Question 1

A 3x3 table has no diagonal, diagonals are only possible with even-numbered tables.

Accepted Answer

A diagonal is a line connecting two opposite corners in a square or rectangle. A 3x3 table only has one type of diagonal, which goes from the top left corner to the bottom right corner or from the top right corner to the bottom left corner. Since there are no opposite corners in a 3x3 table, it does not have a diagonal. Even-numbered tables, on the other hand, have both types of diagonals.

Question 2

If a table has a different number of cases for each category of the independent variable

Accepted Answer

When only raw numbers are used in the cells, it becomes difficult to compare the categories of the dependent variable because they have different denominators. For example, if the independent variable is age and the categories are under 18, 18-25, and over 25, the number of cases for each category may be different. If the dependent variable is income and the categories are less than $25,000, $25,000-$50,000, and over $50,000, it is not appropriate to directly compare the raw numbers in the cells because they are not based on the same number of individuals in each age category. Therefore, it is important to use percentages or rates instead of just raw numbers in such cases.

Question 3

Which of the following might make a table difficult to interpret?

Accepted Answer

All of the options can make a table difficult to interpret. 
A large number of values can make it hard to distinguish patterns or trends, a non-square table may make it challenging to compare values, and having just raw numbers in the cells without any percentages or other visual aids can make it harder to understand the data.

Question 4

What are table marginals?

Accepted Answer

Table marginals contain the summed numbers of the cells in each row and column, providing a total count for each row and column in the table.

Question 5

Which of the following would be most helpful in finding a possible relationship in a table?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following would be most...

Question 6

What is the smallest possible crosstabulation table?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the smallest possible crosstabulation table?
...

Question 7

A diagonal line in the table will not reflect a relationship when

Accepted Answer

A diagonal line typically indicates a relationship between two variables, but when the variable is at the nominal level and there are more than 2 categories, a diagonal line may not necessarily indicate a relationship.

Question 8

The best variables to use in crosstabulation tables are those measured at the interval level.

Accepted Answer

While variables measured at the interval level can be useful in crosstabulation tables, variables at nominal or ordinal levels can also be used effectively. The choice of variables to use depends on the research question and the data being analyzed, rather than a strict preference for variables measured at a specific level.

Question 9

Relationships are normally found on the diagonals of a table.

Accepted Answer

This is true. When it comes to analyzing data in a table, relationships between variables are often found on the diagonal because that is where a variable is compared to itself, revealing any patterns or correlations within the data.

Question 10

A rule of thumb is that the direction of calculating percentages can be changed from row to column when you are presenting multiple tables but single tables should always be percentaged across the rows.

Accepted Answer

The direction of calculating percentages (whether row or column) in tables depends on the context and what you are trying to compare or highlight, not on whether there are multiple tables or a single table.

Question 11

Crosstabulations present the combined distributions of one or more values.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Crosstabulations present the combined distributions of one...

Question 12

When percentages in a table are calculated the wrong way, the results essentially reflect the number of cases in the dependent variable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When percentages in a table are calculated...

Question 13

The most elementary way to determine the effect of one variable on another is to

Accepted Answer

Crosstabulating the two variables allows us to see the relationship between them by comparing how the frequency or percentage of one variable changes depending on the value of the other variable. This provides a basic understanding of the effect of one variable on another. Creating a crosstabulation table with a third variable or calculating the number of occurrences of one variable in one value of another may provide more information, but they are not as elementary as crosstabulating the two variables alone. A pie chart is not suitable for determining the effect of one variable on another as it only shows the distribution of one variable.

Question 14

A "non-square" crosstabulation table is one in which

Accepted Answer

A non-square crosstabulation table is one in which there are unequal numbers of values in the two variables.

Question 15

You should always remember to calculate percentages on the categories of the dependent variable

Accepted Answer

Percentages are typically calculated on the categories of the independent variable to understand how the dependent variable varies across these categories.

Question 16

When a table has more than four cells

Accepted Answer

When a table has more than four cells, it can become more difficult to interpret because there is more information to process. While it may be referred to as a 4x4 table if it has four rows and four columns, this is not always the case. The statement about not being able to draw a diagonal is not relevant to the question.

Question 17

Crosstabulations are an elementary way of creating frequency distribution tables.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Crosstabulations are an elementary way of creating...

Question 18

Crosstabulations work best for variables with a few categories.

Accepted Answer

Crosstabulations are most effective when analyzing variables that have a limited number of categories, as this makes the tables easier to read and interpret. With too many categories, the tables can become overly complex and difficult to analyze.

Question 19

In the textbook example of race and police/courts leniency with criminals, we found that white respondents were more likely to think that police/courts were too hard when compared to respondents of other races.

Accepted Answer

The textbook example showed that white respondents were more likely to think that police/courts were too lenient on criminals compared to respondents of other races.

Question 20

When calculating percentages for cells, you should

Accepted Answer

The answer of When calculating percentages for cells, you should
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Quiz 8: Elementary Relationships: Crosstabulation Tables