In his 1961 paper "The Paradox of the Plankton," ecologist G. E. Hutchinson noted that several species of algae coexist, sharing the same few mineral nutrient resources in homogeneous open- water systems. Because there is little chance of resource partitioning and niche differentiation in such a situation, the paradox of their coexistence is an apparent violation of

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The competitive exclusion principle states that two species competing for the same limited resources cannot coexist at constant population values, which is why the coexistence of multiple algae species sharing the same resources is paradoxical.

In His 1961 Paper "The Paradox of the Plankton," Ecologist