Question 1

Independent assortment refers to which of the following statements?

Accepted Answer

Independent assortment refers to the random orientation of homologous chromosome pairs during metaphase I of meiosis, allowing maternal and paternal chromosomes to be distributed independently into gametes.

Question 2

Meiotic cell division in animals occurs in the and results in the production of _ .

Accepted Answer

Meiotic cell division occurs in the testes and ovaries and results in the production of gametes (sperm and eggs), which are haploid cells.

Question 3

The sex- determining chromosomes of a human male are the

Accepted Answer

The sex-determining chromosomes of a human male are the X and Y chromosomes. The X chromosome is inherited from the mother, and the Y chromosome is inherited from the father. The Y chromosome contains the SRY gene, which triggers the development of male characteristics.

Question 4

A photograph of all the stained, prepared chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell is referred to as a

Accepted Answer

A karyotype is a photograph of all the stained, prepared chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell.

Question 5

Alternative forms of a gene (such as those responsible for eye color) are called

Accepted Answer

Alleles are alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome, responsible for variations in traits such as eye color.

Question 6

Synapsis and crossing over occur during

Accepted Answer

Synapsis and crossing over occur during prophase I of meiosis, where homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material.

Question 7

At the beginning of prophase I, a total of _ molecules of DNA are contained in a developing human sperm cell.

Accepted Answer

At the beginning of prophase I, a developing human sperm cell is still diploid and has undergone DNA replication, resulting in 92 molecules of DNA (46 chromosomes, each consisting of two sister chromatids).

Question 8

The different forms of a gene- for example, those responsible for eye color- are called

Accepted Answer

Alleles are different forms of a gene.

Question 9

Chiasmata (or chiasma) provide evidence of

Accepted Answer

Chiasmata are the points where two homologous non-sister chromatids exchange genetic material during crossing over in meiosis.

Question 10

In a typical human body (somatic) cell, how many total chromosomes are there?

Accepted Answer

A typical human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes, which are organized into 23 pairs.

Question 11

Which type of eukaryotic cell contains two types of each chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A diploid cell contains two sets of each chromosome, one from each parent, making it the correct choice.

Question 12

Crossing over

Accepted Answer

The answer of Crossing over
...

Question 13

During meiosis II

Accepted Answer

During meiosis II, sister chromatids are separated, similar to what happens during mitosis.

Question 14

In comparing mitosis and meiosis, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis II resembles mitosis because both involve the separation of sister chromatids into individual chromosomes, resulting in cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.

Question 15

Sexual reproduction allows for

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction involves the combination of genetic material from two parents, leading to greater genetic diversity in offspring compared to asexual reproduction, which involves only one parent and produces genetically identical offspring.

Question 16

A typical human body cell contains how many sex chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A typical human body cell contains 2 sex chromosomes, one inherited from each parent. These determine the biological sex of the individual.

Question 17

Which of the following distinguishes prophase 1 of meiosis from prophase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes pair up during prophase 1 of meiosis, which is a unique feature that distinguishes it from prophase of mitosis.

Question 18

Some organisms are capable of asexual or sexual reproduction. Under favorable conditions, reproduction proceeds asexually. When conditions become more stressful, reproduction switches to a sexual mode. Why?

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity, which can be advantageous in stressful conditions as it may produce offspring with traits better suited to survive and adapt to changing environments.

Question 19

Chromatids are

Accepted Answer

Chromatids are attached at their centromeres and are identical until crossing over occurs.

Question 20

If a mammal is born without the ability to produce EGF (epidermal growth factor), then its

Accepted Answer

EGF (epidermal growth factor) is crucial for stimulating cell growth and division. Without EGF, the mammal's ability to increase cell division when needed would be diminished, affecting processes like wound healing.

Quiz 10: Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction