In order to harvest energy from polysaccharides, lipids or proteins, cells must use to break down these large macromolecules extracellularly before bringing them into the cell.

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Exoenzymes are enzymes secreted by cells that break down large macromolecules outside of the cell so that the smaller subunits can be absorbed. This is essential for the digestion of polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins into smaller units that can be transported into the cell for further metabolism.

In Order to Harvest Energy from Polysaccharides, Lipids or Proteins