Question 1

You stand at the main entrance to a departmental store and pick the first 20 customers that enter the store after it has opened its door for business on a single day.This is an example of a systematic sample.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a convenience sample because the selection of the first 20 customers is based on ease of access and timing, rather than a systematic method of selecting every nth customer.

Question 2

The question: "How much did you earn last year rounded to the nearest hundreds of dollars?" will most likely result in measurement error.

Accepted Answer

This question asks for a quantitative answer that needs to be rounded, which increases the chances of measurement error. Additionally, people may not accurately remember or report their exact earnings from the previous year.

Question 3

Sampling error becomes an ethical issue if the findings are purposely presented without reference to sample size and margin of error so that the sponsor can promote a viewpoint that might otherwise be truly insignificant.

Accepted Answer

If the findings are purposely presented without reference to sample size and margin of error, it can mislead the audience and promote a viewpoint that could be ethically wrong. Therefore, it becomes an ethical issue.

Question 4

Measurement error can become an ethical issue when a survey sponsor chooses leading questions that guide the responses in a direction.

Accepted Answer

When a sponsor chooses leading questions, they are intentionally biased and manipulative in their approach to gather certain information from respondents. This can lead to inaccurate data and can be seen as unethical behavior.

Question 5

Coverage error can become an ethical issue if a group is intentionally excluded from the frame.

Accepted Answer

Intentionally excluding a group from coverage can lead to unfair treatment and discrimination, which are ethical issues. It goes against the principles of inclusivity and fairness in journalism.

Question 6

If you randomly select a student from the first row of a business statistics class and then every other fifth student thereafter until you get a sample of 20 students, this is an example of a convenience sample.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a systematic sample, where every nth element in a population is selected. It is not a convenience sample, where participants are selected because they are easily available or accessible.

Question 7

The question: "Have you used any form of illicit drugs over the past 2 months?"will most likely result in measurement error if the question is answered.

Accepted Answer

This is because individuals may be reluctant to admit to using illicit drugs, leading to response bias and measurement error.

Question 8

Measurement error can become an ethical issue when an interviewer purposely guides the responses in a direction.

Accepted Answer

If an interviewer purposely guides the responses, it can lead to biased results which can be considered unethical in research. This can also misrepresent the respondents' views and can potentially harm their reputation. Hence, measurement error due to interviewer bias can become an ethical issue.

Question 9

The question "How many times have you abused illicit drugs in the last 6 months?" will most likely result in nonresponse error.

Accepted Answer

This question pertains to a sensitive topic and individuals may be hesitant to answer truthfully due to fear of judgment or legal consequences, resulting in nonresponse error.

Question 10

An electronic appliance chain gathered customer opinions on their services using the customer feedback forms that are attached to the product registration forms.This is an example of a convenience sample.

Accepted Answer

This is a convenience sample because the customers who fill out the feedback forms are those who happen to have registered their products, rather than a randomly selected sample of the entire customer population.

Question 11

In business statistics class students sit randomly without preferences.A sample is selected by including everybody who sits in the first row.This is an example of a cluster sample.

Accepted Answer

The sample is selected based on where the students are sitting, which categorizes them into a cluster. Therefore, it is an example of a cluster sample.

Question 12

The question "Is your household income last year somewhere between $50,000 and $100,000?" will most likely result in coverage error.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The question "Is your household income last...

Question 13

SCENARIO 1-3
The manager of the customer service division of a major consumer electronics company is interested in determining whether the customers who have purchased a Blu-ray player made by the company over the past 12 months are satisfied with their products.
-Referring to Scenario 1-3, the manager decides to ask a sample of customers, who have bought a Blu-ray player made by the company and filed a complaint over the past year, to fill in a survey about whether they are satisfied with the product.This method will most likely suffer from
A)nonresponse error.
B)measurement error.
C)coverage error.
D)non-probability sampling.

Accepted Answer

The answer of SCENARIO 1-3
The manager of the customer service...

Question 14

The professor of a business statistics class wanted to find out the mean amount of time per week her students spent studying for the class.She divided the fifty students on her roster into ten groups starting from the first student on the roster.The first student was randomly selected from the first group.Then every tenth student was selected from the remaining students.This is an example of a cluster sample.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a systematic sample because every tenth student was selected after the first student was chosen randomly, not a cluster sample where entire groups or clusters are chosen at random.

Question 15

The only way one can eliminate sampling error is to take the whole population as the sample.

Accepted Answer

Sampling error occurs when a sample is taken from a population, and the results of the sample do not accurately represent the characteristics of the entire population. If the entire population is used as the sample, there is no sampling error as you have collected data on the entire population. However, this is usually not feasible or practical, so sampling is used to get a representative sample of the population. It is important to try to minimize sampling error through proper sampling techniques and sample sizes.

Question 16

The sampling process begins by locating appropriate data sources called .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The sampling process begins by locating appropriate...

Question 17

The professor of a business statistics class wanted to find out the mean amount of time per week her students spent studying for the class.She divided the students into the left, right and center groups according to the location they sat in the class that day.One of these 3 groups was randomly selected and everyone in the group was asked the mean amount of time per week he/she spent studying for the class.This is an example of a cluster sample.

Accepted Answer

The professor divided the students into groups based on their location, which is a cluster. Then, one group was randomly selected, making it a cluster sample.

Question 18

Selection bias occurs more frequently in systematic samples than in simple random samples.

Accepted Answer

Systematic samples involve selecting every kth element from a population, which can lead to a biased sample if there is some sort of pattern or regularity in the population. Simple random samples, on the other hand, give each element an equal chance of being selected and are therefore less susceptible to selection bias.

Question 19

To gather opinions on the efficacy of U.S.foreign policies, a sample of 50 faculty members is selected from the pool of university professors who have taught political science at the graduate level.This is an example of a judgment sample.

Accepted Answer

A judgment sample is a non-probability sampling technique in which the sample is selected based on the judgment of the researcher or some other knowledgeable person. In this case, the researcher has used their judgment to select a sample of political science professors who have taught at the graduate level.

Question 20

Measurement error will become an ethical issue when the findings are presented without reference to sample size and margin of error.

Accepted Answer

Measurement error becoming an ethical issue does not depend on the presentation of sample size and margin of error. Instead, it is an ethical issue when the measurement error causes harm to individuals or groups, such as incorrect diagnoses or unequal treatment. These issues should be addressed and minimized in research design and analysis to promote ethical conduct.

Quiz 1: Defining and Collecting Data